Abstract: 3,3-Dimethylbutanal is prepared from 3,3-dimethylbutanol. Intermediate 3,3-dimethylbutanol is obtained by reacting ethylene, isopropylene and a mineral acid to produce a 3,3-dimethylbutyl ester which is hydrolyzed to the alcohol. The hydrolysis step is effectively carried out by reactive distillation. Alternatively, 3,3-dimethylbutanal is prepared from 3,3-dimethylbutanol obtained by reduction of the corresponding carboxylic acid or 1,2-epoxy-3,3-dimethylbutane, or by hydrolysis of 1-halo-3,3-dimethylbutane. Fixed bed gas phase and stirred tank liquid phase processes are provided for converting 3,3-dimethylbutanol to 3,3-dimethylbutanal by catalytic dehydrogenation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for guiding one or more web components in connection with a web converting manufacturing process such as that used for manufacturing disposable absorbent garments. Some of the disclosed embodiments include relating inspection data, such as product (or process) attribute data, to data from other manufacturing-related systems. Also disclosed are systems and methods for linking product (or process) attribute data obtained during the manufacturing process with one or more data sources including raw material data, process setting data, product quality data, and/or productivity data. Also disclosed are systems and methods for identifying manufacturing set point changes and automatically implementing such changes and automated web steering changes based on data from one or more inspection systems.

Abstract: Taxane derivatives having alternative C9 substituents.

Abstract: Taxane derivatives having an alkoxy, alkenoxy or aryloxy substituted C13 side chain.

Abstract: Devices and methods for controlling and monitoring the progress and properties of multiple reactions are disclosed. The method and apparatus are especially useful for synthesizing, screening, and characterizing combinatorial libraries, but also offer significant advantages over conventional experimental reactors as well. The apparatus generally includes multiple vessels for containing reaction mixtures, and systems for controlling the stirring rate and temperature of individual reaction mixtures or groups of reaction mixtures. In addition, the apparatus may include provisions for independently controlling pressure in each vessel, and a system for injecting liquids into the vessels at a pressure different than ambient pressure. In situ monitoring of individual reaction mixtures provides feedback for process controllers, and also provides data for determining reaction rates, product yields, and various properties of the reaction products, including viscosity and molecular weight.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated antenna for a portable computer. The portable computer has a main frame. The integrated antenna comprises a substrate, a first radiating metal strip, a second radiating metal strip, a ground plane, at least one first connecting metal strip and second connecting metal strip. The substrate has a connecting portion for connecting to the main frame. The first radiating metal strip is used to induce a first resonance, and the second radiating metal strip is used to induce a second resonance. The first connecting metal strip connects to the first radiating metal strip and the second radiating metal strip. The second connecting metal strip connects to the second radiating metal strip and the ground plane. The integrated antenna of the invention is mounted to the main frame of the portable computer. The length of a coaxial cable can be reduced. Therefore, the transmission loss and cost can be reduced.

Abstract: Taxanes having a carbonate substituent at C(7), a hydroxy substituent at C(10), and a range of C(2), C(9), C(14), and side chain substituents.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing elemental sulfur from hydrogen sulfide contained in an acid gas feed stream wherein hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are reacted in a catalytic only sulfur recovery unit comprising a single catalytic converter containing a Claus catalytic reaction zone. A sulfur dioxide-enriched gas recovered from tail gas treatment is recycled and introduced into the catalytic reaction zone as part of a feed gas mixture that also includes the acid gas feed stream. Temperatures within the catalytic reaction zone are effectively moderated by recycle of tail gas effluent to the converter so that high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in the acid gas feed stream can be tolerated and improved process flexibility and capacity are realized. A pretreatment process including contacting the acid gas with an aqueous acid wash to reduce the concentration of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the acid gas and inhibit deactivation of the oxidation catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: A copper electroplating bath and a method to plate substrates with the bath are provided. The bath and method are particularly effective to plate electronic components such as semiconductive wafer VLSI and ULSI interconnects with void-free fill copper plating for circuitry forming vias and trenches and other small features less than 0.2 microns with high aspect ratios. The copper bath contains a bath soluble organic divalent sulfur compound, and a bath soluble polyether compound such as a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, a polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene derivative of a polyhydric alcohol and a mixed polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene derivative of a polyhydric alcohol. A preferred polyether compound is a mixed polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene derivative of glycerine. A preferred copper bath also contains a pyridine compound derivative.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the diameter of a monocrystalline ingot as it is being pulled from a melt by changing the temperature of the melt. The ingot is pulled from the melt at a target rate that substantially follows a predetermined velocity profile. A temperature model represents variations in the melt temperature in response to variations in power supplied to a heater for heating the melt. In generating a temperature set point representing a target melt temperature, an error between a target diameter and a measured diameter of the ingot is determined and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control is performed on the error signal. The PID control generates the temperature set point as a function of the error signal. In turn, the temperature model determines a power set point for the power supplied to the heater as a function of the temperature set point generated by the PID control and the power supplied to the heater is adjusted according to the power set point.

Abstract: A tent includes a shell and poles for supporting the shell in erected configuration enclosing a space. The shell includes a receptacle having an access aperture and a mouth. The interior of the receptacle is accessible from outside the tent through one of the access aperture and the mouth and is accessible from inside the shell through the other of the access aperture and the mouth.

Abstract: A method and a system for controlling a separator unit for multiphase separation of fluids of different densities, wherein either a pressure in the separator unit or a level of one or more of the liquids in the separator unit is adjusted in relation to a reference value. The reference value and the relevant pressure in the separator unit (1), or the level of the relevant liquid converted to a pressure, are supplied to either side of a pressure sensitive mechanical device (23; 28) which moves with deviations of the pressure from the reference value, and the movement is transferred directly to a mechanical control unit (22; 33) which is coupled to a control device (20; 38) on a fluid outlet (25; 37) from the separator unit (1), and which utilizes the difference between the pressure in the separator unit and the pressure downstream of the control device for moving this in the desired direction for correcting for the deviation.

Abstract: Provided are nucleic acid coding sequences and methods utilizing these sequences for optimizing levels of substrates employed in the biosynthesis of copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxy-valerate (3HV) in plants via manipulation of normal metabolic pathways using recombinant techniques. This optimization is achieved through the use of a variety of wild-type and/or deregulated enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of aspartate family amino acids, and wild-type or deregulated forms of enzymes, such as threonine deaminase, involved in the conversion of threonine to P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer endproduct. These enzymes are used in conjunction with the E1&agr;, E1&bgr;, E2, and E3 subunits of plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes and branched chain oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes or mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase E3 components to enhance the levels of threonine, 2-oxobutyrate (&agr;-keto-butyrate), propionate, propionyl-CoA, &bgr;-ketovaleryl-CoA, and &bgr;-hydroxyvaleryl-CoA.

Abstract: A fault trip indicator for use with a circuit breaker connected to protect an electrical line comprises a current transformer coupled to the electrical line to produce a current signal which varies as a function of the current level in the electrical line. A threshold detector is coupled to the current transformer to produce a load signal when the threshold detector detects that the current signal exceeds a threshold value. A monitoring circuit is coupled to the protective circuit in the circuit breaker and the threshold detector to provide an indication of the occurrence of the protective circuit opening the circuit breaker while the threshold detector is producing the load signal. A fault trip indicator using passive circuitry, a battery powered threshold detector and binary load signals are also disclosed.

Abstract: A data coding system for coding data represented by a number of symbols is described. The system includes representing each symbol with a unique digital waveform. All the unique digital waveforms have a duty cycle greater than 50% or a duty cycle less than 50%.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing in which a fluent material is dispensed to an article such as a container from a flexible bag The fluent material is dispensed directly to the container without any intervening structure which contacts the fluent material. Accordingly, the apparatus can be constructed of less expensive materials and does not require frequent cleaning. The apparatus acts on the bag to dispense and does not act on the fluent material. Thus, the apparatus has particular application where aseptic conditions need to be maintained such as in the packaging of the food and medicine The flexible bag is preferably formed with multiple outlets permitting simultaneous dispensing to multiple containers.

Abstract: An ultrasonic rotary horn is repaired by removal of deteriorated metal condition from the horn energy transfer surface, and application and consolidation of metal powder to the horn radial surface. An ultrasonic rotary horn having a repaired radial energy transfer surface.

Abstract: An ultrasonic horn having substantially uniformly isotropic radial expansion and contraction amplitude in all radial directions upon excitation. The horn has a microstructure characterized by isotropically random directional grain alignment. A method for manufacturing a horn.