Abstract: A purgeable manifold system for the movement of low vapor pressure chemicals that may be embodied in a variety of forms. In one embodiment, a container for storing the low vapor pressure chemical has a plurality of ports; a first manifold detachably connects a first port to a source of gas, vent, or vacuum by flow communication through a first diaphragm valve; a second manifold detachably connects a second port to a source of gas, vent, vacuum, or low vapor pressure chemical, or to a process tool by flow communication through a second and a third diaphragm valve, or alternatively detachably connects a third port to the same source by flow communication through a fourth and the third diaphragm valve; and a third manifold, detachably connects a fourth port to a source of gas, vent, or vacuum by flow communication through a fifth diaphragm valve.

Abstract: A lamp (L) having tubular end contacts (L1) adapted for insertion into opposite lamp holders (P), each lamp holder (P) having a body (S) in an insulating material and a contact element (C) shaped to provide a seat for the lamp contact (L1). In one embodiment, the seat comprises a cylindrical central portion (C1) positioned between flexible opposite arched walls (C2) with two upper divergent flanges (C2a). The lamp end contacts (L1) are positioned between the flexible arched walls (C2) of the contacts (C), in order to receive the cylindrical parts (C1) of the seats of the contact elements (C) inside the end contacts (L1) of the lamp (L). By the rotation of the lamp (L) around the cylindrical parts (C1) of the contact elements (C), an unwanted removal of the lamp (L) from the lamp holders (P) is prevented.

Abstract: A process for the production of high-purity melamine by pyrolysis of urea at high pressure, wherein the liquid phase output from the pyrolysis reactor is sent to a downstream post-reactor, and wherein the anhydrous gaseous phase from the pyrolysis reactor and from the post-reactor are subjected to washing with molten urea for the recovery of the melamine. The purified liquid exiting the post-reactor is treated in a quenching column, in order to eliminate polycondensates, while the quenching column output is cooled. A high purity melamine is then separated by crystallization from a mother liquor, the greater part of which is recycled to the quenching column, thereby enabling a costless recovery of ammonia and melamine. The remaining mother liquor is treated for the separation of oxidized products of pyrolysis and is then sent back to the quenching column, thereby realizing the complete recovery of the melamine.

Abstract: An adapter manifold comprising a first dual valve block having a first diaphragm valve and a second diaphragm valve; a first, a second, and a third low dead space connector for connecting the adapter manifold with dual valve block to the remaining portions of the chemical delivery system; a first conduit for connecting both the diaphragm side of the first diaphragm valve and the seat side of the second diaphragm valves to the first low dead space connector; a second conduit for connecting the seat side of the first diaphragm valve to the second low dead space connector; and a third conduit for connecting the diaphragm side of the second diaphragm valve to the third low dead space connector.

Abstract: A system for purging high purity interfaces connecting a high purity chemical container to process lines comprises a first purging manifold, connected at one end to a first adapter manifold extending from the high purity chemical container, and connected at the other end either to a process tool, to a second high purity container, to a source of gas, or to a source of vacuum on one side, or to a source of vent or to a source of vacuum on the other side; and a second purging manifold connecting the second adapter manifold either to a source of push gas, a source of purge gas, or a source of vacuum; or to a source of vent. A related method comprises blowing purge gas through both the first and the second purging manifolds, and, optionally, applying vacuum to both purging manifolds.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a scale inhibitor comprising at least one polymethylenephosphonate derivative having the following formula: wherein n is a number, wherein M is hydrogen or a cation, wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of CH2PO3M2, CH2R4, wherein R4 is CHOHCH3, CHOHCH2Cl, or CHOHCH2OH, (CH2)mSO3M, wherein m is 3 or 4, and CH2CH2R5, wherein R5 is CONH2, CHO, COOR6, COOX, or CN, wherein R6 is CH3 or C2H5, and wherein X is an alkali metal or ammonium, and wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is not CH2PO3M2. In another embodiment, a method for inhibiting scale formation in water, and in still another embodiment, a method for sequestering iron ions in a water systems, each of the methods comprising the step of providing the water with the above described polymethylenephosphonate derivative.

Abstract: A device for keeping birds away with differential management functions, comprising a control unit connected to a pilot system that controls one or more emission units. The pilot system and each emission unit comprise a casing with an optional protection cover and lifting mechanism; a control circuit; and one or more light and sound emitters. The control unit controls the light and sound emitters, receives operating instructions from the pilot system, and verifies the correct operation of all components of the unit. The control unit preferably comprises a computer with radio or wire communication capability, constantly monitors the correct operation of all pilot and emission units, sets the operating mode for each emission unit, determines and varies the sequences and combinations of the sound and light signals emitted by groups of emission units or by individual emission units, and develops the operating schedule for the entire system.