Abstract: By predetermined selection of tin coating weight in the manufacture of electrolytically tinplated continuous steel strip, cup formation of sheet metal blanks cut from such tinplated flat rolled steel with the selected tin coating weight disposed internally, selective reduction of sidewall gage and coating weight, maintenance of tin coating weight on the interior surface of the bottom wall, and selective organic coating, the present invention enables production of special container packs, previously limited to three-piece containers, from unitary seamless can bodies. Selected tin coating weight on the interior surface of the bottom wall of the can body is maintained throughout the manufacturing process and this surface is exposed to container contents. The sidewall interior surface of the can body is protected from exposure to container contents by an organic coating.

Abstract: A modular assembled retaining wall is constructed by founding a plurality of precast tie-back elements in laterally spaced relationship along a grade line. The tie-back elements include upright column means against which retaining panel means are arranged to span the lateral space between pairs of tie-back elements. Horizontal leg means of the tie-back elements project a substantial distance from the base of the column means so as to transmit soil fill pressure on the retaining panel means back into the overburden and earth's mass. The shape and length of the horizontally oriented leg means are designed to maximize friction to resist pull-out of the tie-back elements. No mechanical interconnection is utilized between the modular elements or successive modular assembled tiers. Surcharge is compacted in sequential stages during or after the completion of each tier. Each tier is spaced inwardly toward the embankment with relation to the next lower tier and the tiers overlap in elevation.

Abstract: A system for obtaining mechanical power from a driven belt conveyor which services a remote area such as a coal mine where delivering electrical power is difficult and/or hazardous. The system includes apparatus selectively driven by the return flight of the mined material conveyor belt to provide mechanical driving power to an auxiliary device, such as a pump. A pair of driveable rollers are coupled together on the same side of the belt and a tensioning roller, for urging the conveyor belt into driving engagement with the driveable rollers, is adjustably positioned on the opposite side of the belt.

Abstract: An improved steel substrate for preparing chromized steel, the substrate consisting essentially of a flat rolled plain low carbon columbium treated steel initially having a total carbon content of at least 0.03% and containing about 0.03-0.15% columbium. The steel substrate is the flat rolled product of the solidification of molten steel having the above composition. The carbon content of the steel substrate is partially stabilized whereby a controlled portion of the carbon is free to diffuse upon heating to an elevated chromizing temperature. The carbon content which is free to diffuse, the columbium content, and the thickness of the substrate are carefully correlated whereby the overall quality of the chromized product prepared therefrom may be controlled and maintained at optimum levels. The invention further provides the improved chromized steel products prepared thereby.

Abstract: An ironing ring for use in the manufacture of drawn and ironed unitary sheet metal can bodies made from flat rolled steel blackplate. The interior working surface of the ironing ring is treated by diamond wheel grinding, or the like, to form fine-line indentations which decrease the surface contact of the ironing ring with the metal surface being ironed. The linearly extended indentations extend over the entry portion of the ring to, or into, the dwell portion of the ring and help draw ironing lubricant into the ring during the ironing operation.

Abstract: Single-slide press with single work-input stroke and other characteristics and advantages of single-action press carries out multiple functions of double or triple-action presses in the manufacture of cup-shaped articles. A blank is cut from flat rolled sheet metal and clamped while being drawn into a cup shape; the drum cup can be redrawn into a cup of smaller diameter and greater sidewall height. Work-input force applied to the work product is modified as required for each step with fluid controlled cylinder and piston means mounted to permit relative movement of portions of the single slide means for carrying out the individual steps in sequence.

Abstract: Illuminator apparatus and reflective optical methods directed to meeting the stringent requirements of surgical lighting and similar requirement uses. In the optical system, axially symmetrical light source means and multiple reflectors project light rays in a converging light pattern of uniform light intensity. The angled approach of light to the illuminated area reduces shadow formation and forms a shadow-free zone for location of fixture handling and pattern controls. Heat projection is reduced or minimized optically and the physical arrangement of the support structure provides for removal of heat from the area. Color correction, if required, can be achieved optically without relying on increase in or control of source intensity.

Abstract: In the deep drawing of unitary can bodies, method and apparatus which reduce frictional contact of the can body sidewall with the female die opening to permit removal of the drawn can body from the female die in the direction of removal of the male punch member without damage to the can body. Deep drawing of organically coated sheet metal stock and removal from the female die structure is also made possible while maintaining desired protection. Smooth, non-reentrant sidewall surfaces are maintained in the work product.

Abstract: Arrangement including the use of at least two novel dual work roll supporting devices for supporting new or refinished work rolls on one device and a used work roll and mounted chock assemblies on another device, in the same relative relationship to permit removal of the chock assemblies as units from the used work rolls and mounting of the chock assemblies on new or refinished work rolls without requiring disengagement of the top and bottom work roll chocks.

Abstract: A device for lifting and positioning sheet steel piling of great length which eliminates permanent distortion of the piling during lifting and handling comprising an elongated openwork rigid structural member or framework having a plurality of electromagnets on its underside for picking up a sheet pile and moving it into vertical position contiguous to a pile already driven so that the two piles can be interconnected.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for aligning strip end portions prior to a welding step in a continuous strip treating operation in which there is a first step running through the line having a trailing end portion and a second strip to be fed into the line having a leading end portion, the invention comprising means and steps for determining the longitudinal direction of the first strip trailing end portion, providing a laser beam which can be disposed parallel to the longitudinal direction of the first strip trailing end portion, providing a strip positioning member contiguous to the second strip leading end portion, the strip positioning member being laterally disposable, and utilizing the laser beam to dispose the strip positioning member in a predetermined position, whereby the second strip leading end portion can be aligned longitudinally and laterally with the first strip trailing end portion so that the strips can be welded together without the formation of a dog leg in the resulting welded strip.

Abstract: A method for efficiently operating a steel rolling mill employing oil-in-water emulsions as lubricants which includes controlling the stability of the emulsion within certain preselected limits and correlating the oil concentration to a mean time (t.sub.m) of such values. The mean time is determined through an emulsion stability index test and constitutes the time required for the concentration of oil in emulsion samples to drop to 50% of its original value.

Abstract: Continuous-strip process for improving ironing operations in the manufacture of drawn and ironed container bodies having a bottom wall and unitary sidewall. Strip surfaces are treated, in final cold reduction operations for flat rolled container stock, to produce sculptured surfaces with fine line impressions to hold lubricant on the exterior surface of the sidewall during ironing and to reduce intimate surface contact with the ironing mandrel on the interior surface. Electroplated protective coatings are not reflowed in order to maintain the surface indentations.

Abstract: Drawing Quality steel having low carbon, oxygen, and aluminum contents is produced through the use of continuous casting. After tapping steel of the lowest possible carbon content at 2,960.degree. F., predetermined amounts of manganese and aluminum are added to the ladle. The amount of manganese added is such that the manganese content at the conclusion of the process will be in the range of 0.20 to 0.35%. The amount of aluminum added is of small quantity for purposes of removing some of the oxygen from the steel to prevent boiling on refractories due to excessive oxygen; the aluminum added is consumed in deoxidation so that the aluminum content in the steel is not increased at that stage. After the addition of manganese and aluminum the steel is vacuum degassed. During vacuum degassing, predetermined amounts of carbon and aluminum which are mixed in briquette form are added at a predetermined, controlled rate to complete deoxidation.

Abstract: Substantially horizontal rotary drum system for quenching and cooling coke, the drum having an internal helical conveying vane for moving the coke through the drum upon rotation of the drum, the diameter and the length of the drum and the pitch of the helical vane being such as to convey predetermined amounts of coke through the drum in the time periods required to quench and cool the coke with the drum rotating at speeds which will not cause undue attrition of the coke. Water sprays are arranged at the coke entry end of the drum, screens to drain excess water from the drum are present near the coke delivery end of the drum and a steam exhaust hood closes the coke delivery end of the drum. A conveyor conveys coke away from the coke delivery end of the drum, the hood including enclosure means for the conveyor.

Abstract: Dual-beam comparison of gas absorption characteristics in which a single source and single detector of radiant energy and single chopper disc are used in sample gas and reference gas paths. Ambient atmosphere or gas directed through a sample gas chamber can be analyzed. Multiple gas analyses, of a plurality of gases or a plurality of constituents of a gas, can be performed simultaneously utilizing the single chopper disc with a plurality of optical gas assemblies. Each such assembly includes a single source of radiant energy, means for directing the radiant energy along sample and reference gas paths to a single detector for such radiant energy. The multiple units are mounted so that the single chopper disc cyclically interrupts radiant energy in the respective sample and reference gas paths in predetermined phase relationship. The combined sample gas and reference gas path response of the single detector for each gas analyzing unit is directed to phase-sensitive signal-separation circuit means.

Abstract: An apparatus for mounting on the free end of an extendible and retractable boom for handling trees comprising a first rigid frame assembly, a second frame assembly mounted on said first frame assembly at one end thereof and having a pair of arms pivotally mounted thereon, and a third frame assembly mounted on the opposite end and having a pair of arms pivotally mounted thereon. A further pair of arms are pivotally mounted on the third frame assembly and have cutting members for severing a tree. The apparatus provides a felling head having a pair of grapples spaced apart from one another longitudinally along a tree grasped thereby and a device for severing the grasped tree. Tree feed means is mounted on the first frame assembly for propelling a tree endwise between the arms of the second and third assemblies embracing such tree. The arms pivotally mounted on the second frame assembly have cutting edges for removing limbs from the tree as it is propelled endwise.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for aligning strip end portions prior to a welding step in continuous strip treating equipment having a longitudinal centerline in the direction of strip movement in which there is a first strip running through the line having a trailing end portion and a second strip to be fed into the line having a leading end portion, the invention comprising means and steps for determining the longitudinal direction of the first strip trailing end portion, providing a strip positioning member contiguous to the second strip leading end portion disposed parallel to the longitudinal direction of the first strip trailing end portion, the strip positioning member being laterally disposed in a position relative to the longitudinal centerline of the equipment whereby the second strip leading end portion can be aligned longitudinally and laterally with the first strip trailing end portion so that the strips can be welded together without the formation of a dog leg in the resulting welded strip.

Abstract: Pure aluminum alloy which has been continuously cast and partially worked to a strip at a gauge of 0.25 inches through use of a Hunter-Caster, is heated to a temperature in a range of about 900.degree. to about 1150.degree. F. and then subjected to slow cooling in a range between cooling at around 600.degree. F./hr. as a maximum, and cooling at a rate of 25.degree. F./hr. as a practical minimum, until ambient temperature or about 100.degree. F. is reached. After cooling, the alloy strip is subjected to cold working and annealing until a desired gauge is reached for a particular product, one typical product being aluminum foil. In one process according to the invention, the strip is heated as it leaves a Hunter-Caster and then coiled, and the cooling is effected by leaving the coil in ambient air. In another process, it is coiled prior to heating which is then effected by placing the coil in a suitable furnace such as in box annealing.

Abstract: Continuous metallic strip hot dip metal coating apparatus in which streams of gas under pressure are impinged against opposite faces of a continuous metallic strip emerging from a molten coating metal bath to thereby control the final coating weight on the strip, there being provided means for giving an indication corresponding to the final coating weight on the metal strip in combination with means responsive to such indication for controlling the impingement effect of the streams of gas under pressure to thereby obtain a desired final coating weight on the metal strip.