Abstract: A process of producing fermentation product comprising, forming an acidified suspension of particulate plant derived material comprising a first polysaccharide which is more readily hydrolysable and a second polysaccharide which is more difficult to hydrolyse; allowing the first polysaccharide to undergo hydrolysis under conditions such that the first polysaccharide is hydrolysed, thereby forming a mixture of an aqueous liquor containing dissolved sugar and a solid residue containing the second polysaccharide; subjecting the acidic mixture to one or more separation stages in which the solid residue and aqueous sugar liquor are substantially separated from each other; passing the aqueous liquor to a fermentation stage where the dissolved sugars are acted upon by a microorganism in a broth to produce a fermentation product; and separating the fermentation product from the broth, characterised in that the separation stage uses one or more flocculating agent(s) to form a waste by-product.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 28, 2003
Date of Patent:
October 4, 2011
Assignee:
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Ltd.
Abstract: There is provided an apparatus and a method of printing a diffraction grating. In particular, the present invention relates to diffraction gratings applied to a substrate (1), such as a hologram.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
November 12, 2004
Date of Patent:
September 13, 2011
Assignee:
Printetch Limited
Inventors:
David Boswell, Mark Dicker, Steven Winton