Abstract: A method of removing an elongate first object from a second object is described. Typically, the first elongate object being removed comprises a free end portion and an embedded end portion which is embedded in the second object. In one embodiment, the method comprises (a) surrounding at least a portion of the elongate object with a rigid material to which one or more pneumatic jacks are attached; (b) placing at least a portion of the pneumatic jack(s) in contact with the second object; (c) placing one or more clamping surfaces in contact with the elongate first object; (d) actuating the jack(s) to introduce a separating force between the elongate first object and the second object while concurrently introducing a clamping force to the first elongate object through the clamping surface, the clamping force being proportionate to the separating force.

Abstract: The malodorant compositions provided by the invention are formed from ingredients comprised of at least a malodorant compound and a carrier liquid, the compositions having a toxicity category rating of at least III. Preferred malodorant compounds suitable for use in the compositions of this invention of include organic sulfur compounds, and the compositions may include an appropriate amount of an odor intensifier, e.g., skatole, to provide a malodorant composition having low toxicity while providing the olfactory stimuli desired. The combination of these compounds is particularly effective in producing a malodorous stimulus for use in a variety of settings where non-lethal weapons are employed, all without permanently damaging the targeted subject or the surrounding environment. Non-lethal weapon systems for delivering to target the malodorant compositions of this invention, and associated methods of use of the compositions of this invention, are also described.

Abstract: The (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium are novel weakly coordinating anions which are highly fluorinated. (Polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of one such type contain at least one ring substituent other than fluorine. These (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium have greater solubility in organic solvents, or have a coordinative ability essentially equal to or less than that of the corresponding (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanion of aluminum, gallium, or indium in which the substituent is replaced by fluorine. Another type of new (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanion of aluminum, gallium, and indium have 1-3 perfluorinated fused ring groups and 2-0 perfluorophenyl groups.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for conducting Kumada coupling reactions. The processes of the present invention make use of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ancillary ligands in Kumada couplings of aryl halides. A Kumada coupling can be carried out by mixing, in a liquid medium, at least one aryl halide, wherein the aryl halide has, directly bonded to the aromatic ring(s), at least one halogen atom selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom; at least one Grignard reagent; at least one metal compound comprising at least one metal atom selected from nickel, palladium, and platinum, wherein the formal oxidation state of the metal is zero or two; and at least one N-heterocyclic carbene.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of certain fumaric acid monoalkyl esters as salts or a free acid either alone or in combination with a dialkyl fumarate for producing pharmaceutical preparations for use in transplantation medicine, especially for treating, alleviating or suppressing host-versus-graft reactions. For this purpose, the fumaric acid monoalkyl esters may be used in combination with preparations conventionally used in transplantation medicine and immuno suppressives, especially such as cyclosporines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of one or more salts of fumaric acid monoalkyl esters of the general formula optionally in admixture with dialkyl fumarate of the formula wherein A is a bivalent cation from the series consisting of Ca, Mg, Zn or Fe or a monovalent cation from the series Li, Na or K, respectively, and n denotes the numeral 1 or 2 depending on the type of cation, and, optionally, commonly used pharmaceutical excipients and vehicles for preparing a pharmaceutical composition in the form of micro-tablets or micro-pellets for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis, neurodermatitis, psoriasis and enteritis regionalis Crohn.

Abstract: The malodorant compositions provided by the invention are formed from ingredients comprised of at least a malodorant compound and a carrier liquid, the compositions having a toxicity category rating of at least III. Preferred malodorant compounds suitable for use in the compositions of this invention of include organic sulfur compounds, and the compositions may include an appropriate amount of an odor intensifier, e.g., skatole, to provide a malodorant composition having low toxicity while providing the olfactory stimuli desired. The combination of these compounds is particularly effective in producing a malodorous stimulus for use in a variety of settings where non-lethal weapons are employed, all without permanently damaging the targeted subject or the surrounding environment. Non-lethal weapon systems for delivering to target the malodorant compositions of this invention, and associated methods of use of the compositions of this invention, are also described.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalyst system useful in many coupling reactions, such as Suzuki, Kumada, Heck, and amination reactions. The catalyst system of the present invention makes use of N-heterocyclic carbenes or their protonated salts. The composition of the catalyst system comprises at least one transition metal compound and at least one N-heterocyclic carbene or its protonated salt. This invention further provides novel N-heterocyclic carbenes and their protonated salts. One type of N-heterocyclic carbene used in this invention is an imidazolinc-2-ylidene wherein the 1 and 3 positions are each, independently, substituted by an aromatic group in which each ortho position is, independently, substituted by a secondary or tertiary group which has at least three atoms.

Abstract: The organo-Lewis acids are novel triarylboranes which are highly fluorinated. Triarylboranes of one such type contain at least one ring substituent other than fluorine. These organoboranes have a Lewis acid strength essentially equal to or greater than that of the corresponding organoborane in which the substituent is replaced by fluorine, or have greater solubility in organic solvents. Another type of new organoboranes have 1-3 perfluorinated fused ring groups and 2-0 perfluorophenyl groups. When used as a cocatalyst in the formation of novel catalytic complexes with d- or f-block metal compounds having at least one leaving group such as a methyl group, these triorganoboranes, because of their ligand abstracting properties, produce corresponding anions which are capable of only weakly, if at all, coordinating to the metal center, and thus do not interfere in various polymerization processes such as are described.

Abstract: A combustion engine comprised of (i) at least one compression stage, (ii) at least one combustion unit, and (iii) at least one expansion stage is described. The compression and expansion stages include tongue and groove cylindrical rotors in sealing relation to one another for fluid volume displacement and transfer of rotational force from expansion of compressed fluid volumes following combustion. Related methods of providing a rotational force to a drive shaft are also described.

Abstract: Organo-Lewis acids of the formula BR′R″2 wherein B is boron, R′ is fluorinated biphenyl, and R″ is a fluorinated phenyl, fluorinated biphenyl, or fluorinated polycyclic fused ring group, and cationic metallocene complexes formed therewith. Such complexes are useful as polymerization catalysts.

Abstract: Described is a device (10) for monitoring bearing performance in apparatus having an aperture sized and configured to receive a grease fitting. The device includes temperature sensing components (34) or vibration sensing components (36), or both, to enable detection of impending bearing failure, and is adapted to either replace or supplement conventional grease fittings (28). The device is configured so as to cooperate with bearings housings of widely divergent dimensions, and in each case to permit adjustment of the device, including the sensing components thereof, to place it in very close proximity to the bearing.

Abstract: The (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium are novel weakly coordinating anions which are are highly fluorinated. (Polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of one such type contain at least one ring substituent other than fluorine. These (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium have greater solubility in organic solvents, or have a coordinative ability essentially equal to or less than that of the corresponding (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanion of aluminum, gallium, or indium in which the substituent is replaced by fluorine. Another type of new (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanion of aluminum, gallium, and indium have 1-3 perfluorinated fused ring groups and 2-0 perfluorophenyl groups.

Abstract: The malodorant compositions provided by the invention are formed from ingredients comprised of at least a malodorant compound and a carrier liquid, the compositions having a toxicity category rating of at least III. Preferred malodorant compounds suitable for use in the compositions of this invention of include organic sulfur compounds, and the compositions may include an appropriate amount of an odor intensifier, e.g., skatole, to provide a malodorant composition having low toxicity while providing the olfactory stimuli desired. The combination of these compounds is particularly effective in producing a malodorous stimulus for use in a variety of settings where non-lethal weapons are employed, all without permanently damaging the targeted subject or the surrounding environment. Non-lethal weapon systems for delivering to target the malodorant compositions of this invention, and associated methods of use of the compositions of this invention, are also described.

Abstract: Devices for monitoring bearing performance in apparatus having an aperture sized and configured to receive a grease fitting. The devices comprise a temperature sensor or a vibration sensor, or both, to enable detection of impending bearing failure, and further comprise rigidly attached electronic components which amplify signals generated by the temperature sensor and/or vibration sensor. The devices may be adapted to either replace or supplement conventional grease fittings, and enable the transmission of electronic signals which may be used for constant monitoring of critical equipment. Bearing housings which incorporate these features, as well as subassemblies and related methods, are also described.

Abstract: A trityl perfluorophenyl alumninate such as tris(2,2′,2″-nonafluorobiphenyl)-fluoroaluminate (PBA⊖) and its role as a cocatalyst in metallocene-mediated olefin polymerization is disclosed. Gallium and indium analogs are also disclosed, as are analogs with different anyl groups or different numbers of flourine atoms thereon.

Abstract: The (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium are novel weakly coordinating anions which are highly fluorinated. (Polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of one such type contain at least one ring substituent other than fluorine. These (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium have greater solubility in organic solvents, or have a coordinative ability essentially equal to or less than that of the corresponding (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanion of aluminum, gallium, or indium in which the substituent is replaced by fluorine. Another type of new (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanion of aluminum, gallium, and indium have 1-3 perfluorinated fused ring groups and 2-0 perfluorophenyl groups.

Abstract: Systems which comprise an automated transaction machine which includes one or more customer interacting means such as, in the case of an integrated circuit card terminal, at least an integrated circuit card reader; infrared communication emitters and individual short range infrared communication emitters located in the machine. The emitters are adapted to provide repeating, directionally sensitive frequency modulated message signals identifying the direction to and location of the machine. Thus, a person having a portable receiver for such signals is led to the machine and is able to position himself/herself in front of the machine in order to operate it. The respective emitters provide separate repeating, directionally sensitive frequency modulated message signal which identifies the location of the respective customer interface on the machine so that by movement of the portable receiver in front of the machine, the location on the machine of the respective customer interfaces can be determined.

Abstract: A mechanical face-type seal assembly which provides substantially annular, axially biasing force along the annular seal created between the rotary seal face and the stationary seal face of the seal assembly. The device preferably employs a substantially annular segment of interconnected canted coils in conjunction with a cartridge-type configuration to provide substantially annular, axial biasing force to the rotary and stationary seal faces, while also providing an improved configuration for maintaining the sealing rings and interconnected canted coils in axial alignment and installing the entire assembly as a single cartridge on a variety of applications.

Abstract: A process for solidifying and stabilizing waste, the process comprising (a) combining bagasse and a liquid medium having a pH below about 4 or above about 10 to form a mixture, (b) heating the mixture, (c) separating the mixture into solid matter and filtrate and washing the solid matter with a liquid in which sugar is soluble, (d) substituting the solid matter for the bagasse in (a) and repeating steps (a) through (c) until the filtrate is substantially colorless under ambient light conditions, thereby producing washed solid matter, (e) combining at least a portion of the washed solid matter with at least (1) the waste, (2) water, and (3) a cement, so as to form a cement slurry, and (f) curing the cement slurry. Cementitious products formed by processes of this invention.