Abstract: A fiber optical circulator includes a first collimator and a second collimator sandwiching a circulator core therebetween. The first collimator and the second collimator respectively define Port 1 and Port 2 thereof, and the first collimator further defines Port 3 thereof. The circulator core includes a first crystal and a second crystal at two ends respectively confronting the first collimator and the second collimator aside. The circulator core further includes a first group of two half-wavelength waveplates and a first Faraday rotator, and second subassembly a second group of two half-wavelength waveplates and a second Faraday rotator. A third crystal is disposed between the first subassembly and the second subassembly wherein a backward light path from Port 2 to Port 3 passes the third crystal and is deflected by the third crystal toward the first collimator though total internal reflection.

Abstract: A structure of an interference display cell is provided. The cell comprises a first plate and a second plate, wherein a support is located between the first plate and the second plate. The second plate is a deformable and reflective plate. An incident light from one side of the first plate is modulated and only specific frequency light reflects by the second plate. The frequency of the reflected light is related to the distance between the first plate and the second plate. The support has at least one arm. The arm's stress makes the arm hiking upward or downward. The distance between the first plate and the second plate is also changed. Therefore, the frequency of the reflected light is altered.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system for adaptively reducing flickers in converting non-interlaced video signals to interlaced video signals. To preserve the original image quality in the non-interlaced video signals, the disclosed system examines the pixel values in at least two adjacent lines to decide if a reduction process should be turned on. If there is a need, the reduction process further examines the difference in the pixels from the adjacent lines to determine how to adjust a corresponding output to eliminate flickers in the resultant converted video signals. The adjusting means is based on an adjusting factor or the calculated difference between pixels which is further used in a function to eventually produce a converted interlaced signal with minimum visual errors.