Abstract: The present invention relates to a drug delivery device wherein a dose to be apportioned from a cartridge is set by changing the relative position of co-operating dose setting elements (3, 5) and is injected by pressing a button (5) until this button abuts a stop (6). By operation of count up (7) or count down (8) buttons the dose is set and read into an electronic circuit (9) comprising a microprocessor and the dose setting movement of the dose setting elements relative to each other is performed by a motor (11) controlled by the circuit in accordance with the read in dose. The set dose is shown on a display (10). The motor (11) is further controlled to perform certain movements of the piston rod (3) so as retraction of this rod when a cartridge (1) is going to be changed an advancing of the piston rod to abutment with the piston (2) after the cartridge has been changed and further to advance this piston to expel air from the cartridge.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tablet dispenser for consecutive administering of tablets, the dispenser having a circular container (21) in which tablets are stored in a number of compartments (24) along the perimeter of the container, and a circular lid (22) concentric with the container, which lid (24) covers the compartments (24) and has a dispensing opening allowing access to one compartment at the time when the lid is rotated relative to the container. A cylindrical surface on the container part forms a pawl wheel provided with teeth (32) each having a ramp shaped and a steep edge and the lid (22) is provided with elongated, flexible pawls (30) which are at one end fixed to the lid (22) and follows a chord of the circular device to engage the teeth (32) of the pawl wheel by its other free end.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for securing cryptosystems against external monitoring attacks by reducing the amount (and signal to noise ratio) of useful information leaked during processing. This is generally accomplished by incorporating unpredictable information into the cryptographic processing. Various embodiments of the invention use techniques such as reduction of signal to noise ratios, random noise generation, clock skipping, and introducing entropy into the order of processing operations or the execution path. The techniques may be implemented in hardware or software, may use a combination of digital and analog techniques, and may be deployed in a variety of cryptographic devices.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for selecting advertisements and other information from a computer network database based on user defined preferences and transmitting the selected advertisement in background mode over a communications link between the computer network and a local computer with minimal interference with other processes communicating over the communications link. This method includes monitoring the communications link and transmitting portions of the advertisement when the communications link line utilization is below a preestablished threshold. Methods and apparatus are also provided for displaying or otherwise presenting the selected advertisements on the user's computer. Additional methods and apparatus are provided for selecting and presenting information stored on a local storage media based on user defined preferences.

Abstract: A cylinder ampoule (1) having a first end sealed by a closure through which an injection unit can communicate with a medicament in the ampoule and a second end closed by a piston (3) which can be forced into the ampoule (1) to press out a dose of a medicament stored in the ampoule between the closure and the piston (3) through said injection unit, which cylinder ampoule (1) has a non-circular inner cross section and which piston (3) has a non-circular cross section corresponding to the inner cross section of the ampoule (1). A piston rod (4) has a pressure foot (5) which has a cross section corresponding to the inner cross section of the ampoule (1) and is non-rotatably connected to the piston rod (4).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for securing cryptographic devices against attacks involving external monitoring and analysis. A “self-healing” property is introduced, enabling security to be continually re-established following partial compromises. In addition to producing useful cryptographic results, a typical leak-resistant cryptographic operation modifies or updates secret key material in a manner designed to render useless any information about the secrets that may have previously leaked from the system. Exemplary leak-proof and leak-resistant implementations of the invention are shown for symmetric authentication, certified Diffie-Hellman (when either one or both users have certificates), RSA, ElGamal public key decryption, ElGamal digital signing, and the Digital Signature Algorithm.

Abstract: A flexible piston rod for use in cylinder ampoules comprises a tape shaped body (1) which is along its length provided with supporters (2; 6; 16) projecting from at least one side of the tape. The tape (1) has a width and the supporters a length so that sides of the tape and the free ends of the supporters abuts the inner wall of the ampoule (3) in at least three positions along the inner perimeter of the ampoule (3) and not all the abutment points lies on the same half of the circular cross section but are typically displaced about 120° from each other. The piston rod is moved by a gear engaging a rack (12) on the tape either on the side not carrying supporters or at the edge of the tape on the side carrying supporters.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for securing cryptosystems against external monitoring attacks by reducing the amount (and signal to noise ratio) of useful information leaked during processing. In general, this is accomplished by implementing critical operations using “branchless” or fixed execution path routines whereby the execution path does not vary in any manner that can reveal new information about the secret key during subsequent operations. More particularly, various embodiments of the invention include: implementing modular exponentiation without key-dependent conditional jumps; implementing modular exponentiation with fixed memory access patterns; implementing modular multiplication without using leak-prone multiplication-by-one operations; and implementing leak-minimizing multiplication (and other operations) for elliptic curve cryptosystems.

Abstract: A secure cryptographic rights unit for cryptographically regulating access to digital content includes an interface control processor and a specialized cryptographic unit that protects access to a memory. Rights keys, which allow access to content, are added by the cryptographic unit by transforming data received from the control processor and storing the result in the protected memory. The cryptographic unit then produces content decryption keys by using stored rights keys to transform other data received from the control processor. Because the control processor does not have the ability to directly access the protected memory, the security can remain effective even if the control processor is compromised. To prevent reverse engineering of the cryptographic transformations, the invention provides for an algorithm generator that uses random sources to produce algorithm definitions in machine-readable form. Because the generator itself does not contain any secrets, it can be submitted for open review.

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for the registration of the setting of a medical device, the setting of which implies a mechanical adjustment of at least two relatively moveable elements of the device. The invention is characterized in that the apparatus is intended for disconnectible engagement with the medical device, and that it has detector means for detecting the mechanical adjustment and has information means arranged for providing information related to said mechanical adjustment.

Abstract: An injection system for preparing a mixture of a solvent and a medicament and for subsequent dosed injection of the mixture comprises a syringe accommodating an ampoule (7) in which a liquid is stored between a membrane (8) dosing one end of the ampoule (7) and a piston (6) which can by a piston rod (3) be forced into the ampoule (7) to press out a dose of the liquid. The piston rod (3) and the piston (6) has mutual engaging threads (4, 5) by which the piston (6) is coupled to the piston rod (3) to follow this rod in both axial directions. An outer thread (30) engaging an inner thread (29) in a housing is provided on a part (28) of the piston rod (3) so that rotation of the piston rod (3) will screw this rod and the piston (6) into the ampoule (7). A detent (18) ensures that the piston rod (3) is only rotated in a dose administering direction. However, the thread (30) of the piston rod (3) can be disengaged from the thread (29) of the housing to set the piston rod (3) free to be moved in a proximal direction.

Abstract: An injection device has signal generators (11, 12, 13, 14) which are connected to operative elements (8, 3, 5, 4) of the device and which give off signals which represents the operative condition of the device. The signals are sent to an electronic circuit which controls a presentation of the operational condition of the device and presents operational conditions, which are defined as not allowed, as error indications by switching off the display presenting the operational condition of the device. The number of signals from each generator is counted and a number of operations exceeding a pre-set number for the signal generator in question is interpreted as representing a not allowed operational condition.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for improving DES and other cryptographic protocols against external monitoring attacks by reducing the amount (and signal-to-noise ratio) of useful information leaked during processing. An improved DES implementation of the invention instead uses two 56-bit keys (K1 and K2) and two 64-bit plaintext messages (M1 and M2), each associated with a permutation (i.e., K1P, K2P and M1P, M2P) such that K1P {K1} XOR K2P {K2} equals the “standard” DES key K, and M1P {M1} XOR M2P {M2} equals the “standard” message. During operation of the device, the tables are preferably periodically updated, by introducing fresh entropy into the tables faster than information leaks out, so that attackers will not be able to obtain the table contents by analysis of measurements. The technique is implementable in cryptographic smartcards, tamper resistant chips, and secure processing systems of all kinds.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for encoding and manipulating digital signals are provided. The method, and associated apparatus, includes sampling the signal waveform to obtain a series of discrete samples and constructing therefrom a series of frames; multiplying each frame with a windowing function; applying a Fast Fourier transform to each frame producing a frequency-domain waveform; convoluting the resultant frequency domain data with a variable kernel function; locating local maxima and surrounding minima in the magnitude spectrum of each convolved frame, each local maxima and associated minima defining a plurality of regions corresponding to a frequency component of the signal; and analyzing each of the regions in the frequency domain representation by summing the complex frequency components of bins falling within the defined regions into a single vector.

Abstract: A roaming user needing an his authentication credential (e.g., private key) to access a computer server to perform an electronic transaction may obtain the authentication credential in an on-demand fashion from a credential server accessible to the user over a computer network. In this way, the user is free to roam on the network without having to physically carry his authentication credential. Access to the credential may be protected by one or more challenge-response protocols involving simple shared secrets, shared secrets with one-to-one hashing, or biometric methods such as fingerprint recognition. If camouflaging is used to protect the authentication credential, decamouflaging may be performed either at the credential server or at the user's computer.

Abstract: A sports racquet has a lightweight frame and a pair of pods, having an increased cross-sectional width, at the 11 o'clock and 1 o'clock positions of the head. The pods also preferably have an increased wall thickness, or a molded-in weight element, so as to provide increased weight at such regions,. Preferably also, the handle has at least one weight pod at the butt portion. The three pod weighting system, i.e., having weight pods located at the 11 o'clock, 1 o'clock, and butt end positions, not only increases the polar moment of inertia of the racquet about its longitudinal axis, but also increases the moment of inertia of the racquet about the center of gravity, providing a very stable racquet. Also, because the pods in the head portion increase the width of the frame, the torsion of the frame near the tip region is greatly increased, improving the power of the racquet with respect to balls hit further out on the string bed.

Abstract: A user inputting his access code (e.g., PIN or password) into an computing environment to access a transaction is at risk of losing the access code to an attacker who has physical or electronic access to the computing environment. To minimize this risk, the access code can be entered via a plurality of user-selectable fields, each of which takes on a series of values, the initially displayed values of which are established in a random or otherwise unpredictable manner. The user then uses a mouse, keyboard, or other input device to increment each of the selectable fields until the access code is correctly entered. Because of the randomization of the initial state, an attacker tracking the locations or number of mouse clicks or other navigation actions can not determine the finally entered access code by, e.g., computing an offset from a known initial state.

Abstract: The present invention is a secure data entry and visual authentication system that allows a user to securely input and communicate data, including passwords. The system includes a client subsystem (100), a server subsystem (200) and a communication subsystem (300). Server subsystem (200) generates a pseudorandomly arranged display image (250) including a plurality of icons associated with data, and transmits said display image to client subsystem (100) for display on a display device (104). A user consecutively selects at least one said icons corresponding to data desired to be input. Selected icon location information for those selected icons is communicated by client subsystem (100) to server subsystem (200), which then compares that selected icon location information to icon location information and associated data stored in memory (210) to ascertain the data input by the user.

Abstract: A document delivery architecture dynamically generates a private Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to distribute information. Each private URL (“PURL”) uniquely identifies an intended recipient of a document, the document or set of documents to be delivered, and (optionally) other parameters specific to the delivery process. The intended recipient of a document uses the PURL to retrieve the document. The server, upon retrieval of the document, customizes the behavior of the retrieval based upon attributes included in the PURL, as well as log information associated with the retrieval in a data base. This architecture and usage of PURLs enables secure document delivery and tracking of document receipt.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for confirming, timestamping, and archiving documents using telecopiers (e.g., facsimile machines). A user sends a document to a timestamping service via facsimile, which archives the transmission with a timestamp. A submission receipt, containing size-reduced images of the submission and a document identification value (DIV), is prepared and sent to the sender. The DIV can later be submitted to the timestamping service to obtain verification that the document was received at the indicated time. In addition, the invention allows for various other forms of document transmission, document identification, and timestamp verification. The invention is thus useful in any situation where it is desired to prove that a document was in existence at a given time. Other embodiments of the invention provide senders of facsimile and telecopier transmissions with confirmation that their transmissions were received successfully.