Abstract: A method of determining the velocity of a radar target wherein at least two different pulse repetition frequencies are used. Each pulse repetition frequency comprises a predetermined division into equidistant Doppler numbers. For an echo signal, a Doppler number associated with the echo signal is determined for each pulse repetition frequency. Out of two Doppler numbers associated with different pulse repetition frequencies, a nonambiguous Doppler number is subsequently determined which lies within a predetermined velocity nonambiguity range, and the velocity of the radar target is determined from this Doppler number.

Abstract: A circuit and a method for actuating a brushless DC motor are proposed. The circuit comprises a delta-connected oscillator (1) for generating a triangular voltage as a function of commutation pulses resulting from the position of the rotor of the DC motor, a sampling and hold circuit (2) for sampling and holding a holding voltage (Ul) from the curve of the triangular voltage as a function of time at the moment of the commutation, and a differential amplifier (4) for amplifying the differential voltage between the triangular voltage and the holding voltage (Ul), with the output signal of the differential amplifier being supplied to the final stage of the actuation control circuit. An additional adder (3) for adding a voltage (U block) to the holding voltage (Ul) sampled from the triangular voltage and held can be used, with the differential voltage between the triangular voltage and the sum of holding voltage (Ul) and block voltage (U block) being amplified in the differential amplifier (4).

Abstract: In an electrophotographic recording device which includes a number of consumable parts, there is provided a first memory for storing a currently integrated total number of prints, and a number of prints at replacement of each consumable part. A second memory stores a number of lifetime prints, which is a conversion of the life of each part into a number of prints. A processor performs a first calculation to calculate a number of prints for replaced consumable parts after such replacement and a second calculation to calculate a wear rate of the replaced consumable parts from the number of lifetime prints read out from the second memory, and from the number of prints calculated by the first calculation. An indication section indicates the wear rate obtained from the second calculation. The number of prints stored in the first memory for the consumable parts at replacement is written into the current total number of prints.

Abstract: In a system of optical repeated transmission having a signal transmission path for transmitting signal light, and an optical repeater disposed in the signal transmission path, and directly amplifying the signal light, the amplification factor of the repeater is not dependent on the direction of polarization of the signal light that is input to it.

Abstract: A rotary chuck for axially clamping a tool includes a spindle terminus forming part of a rotary machine tool spindle; a clamping element holder immobilized in the central bore of the spindle terminus; and a plurality of clamping elements circumferentially evenly distributed about the holder. Each clamping element is a one-armed spreading lever having a first end pivotally supported in the holder to provide for a pivotal movement of each clamping element in a plane containing the spindle axis. Each clamping element has a second end having a radially outwardly swung clamping position in which each second end is adapted to be clamped against an inner shoulder of a hollow tool shank received in the spindle bore for axially pulling the tool into engagement with a frontal end face of the spindle terminus. Each second end has a radially inwardly swung releasing position in which the tool is released from the chuck.

Abstract: A mounting and connection system for electrical communications equipment of the type including a plurality of plug-in modules which are each provided with electrical components and with multi-pin connectors, and which are inserted from the front into a magazine whose rear face is provided with a rear wall circuit board. This circuit board, in turn, is provided with multi-socket connectors into which the pin connectors engage. For signals which are to be supplied to all plug-in modules, bus bars are provided with such a bus bar being composed of a plurality of bus bar sections, each formed of a conductor path on the rear wall circuit board and each connecting only one contact socket of two adjacent socket connectors.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for detecting sliver feed or standstill uses comparative measurements over a time-lapse to determine sliver movement. An identical reading in two or more sequential measurements indicates the sliver is not being conveyed, that is, it is either lying motionless or is absent altogether. Signals relating to the sensed standstill may be further processed in the machine control. The sensors are measuring elements capable of detecting thickness of the sliver and may be mechanical, optical or the like.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically transporting at least one can between a sliver delivering spinning industry machine, e.g. a carding machine, and a sliver fed spinning industry machine, e.g. a drawing frame, by means of a transporting carriage. In order to improve loading and unloading as well as transport of the spinning cans, the carriage control, the carding machine control device and the drawing frame control device are connected with a central control unit.

Abstract: A local area network for a multiple access communication system includes a bidirectional communication bus for providing a bidirectional transmitting medium for data signals. The bus includes at least two segments for providing alternate paths for the data signals. A plurality of stations are connected to the bus. Each station includes transceiver means for transmitting data signals onto the bus and for receiving data signals from the bus. A plurality of controllable switch means are provided each being connected for selectively disabling at least one of the transmitting and receiving functions of a respective one of the transceiver means. The transceiver means include first and second groups of transceiver means. Each group is connected to a respective one of the two bus segments.

Abstract: A process of forming a multi-ply laminate which comprises at least one ply 2 of thermoplastics material forming a transparent outer ply of the laminate, such process comprising assembling the plies 1, 2 of the laminate, degassing its inter-ply space or spaces and subjecting it to bonding conditions including environmental laminating pressure distributed over the outside of the or each said thermoplastics outer ply 2 by a moulding plate 3 is characterised by the steps of:enveloping at least the edges of the assembled laminate plier 1, 2 and moulding plate(s) 3 by means 4 defining therewith an edge space 5 in communication with the inter-ply space(s),reducing the pressure P5 within the edge space 5 to commence degassing of the assembly and heating the assembly (curve T) while the main faces of the assembly are subjected to at least atmospheric environmental pressure P6 and subsequently, while the assembly is subjected to environment laminating pressure P6raising the edge pressure P5 to reduce or eliminate any d

Abstract: A tool assembly includes a tool holder, a tool head and a clamping arrangement for rapidly releasably tightening the tool head to the tool holder. The clamping arrangement includes a clamping bar having a longitudinal axis and being received in the tool holder and a clamping piston connected to the clamping bar for displacement therewith. The clamping piston has first and second wedge faces arranged symmetrically to the bar axis and each defining therewith a first acute angle of at least 45.degree.. The clamping arrangement further has first and second cams movable in a direction of motion perpendicular to the bar axis. Each cam has a camming face constituted at least in part by a surface defining, with the direction of motion of the cams, a second acute angle equalling the difference between 90.degree. and the first acute angle.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst for direct liquefaction of coal, which consists of selenium, a selenium compound, or a mixture of selenium or the selenium compound with a metal oxide, and a method of directly liquefying coal in the presence of such a catalyst.

Abstract: A bow saw having a frame and a saw blade which is tightened between the opposite ends of the frame when used. The frame is composed of three individual elements which are interconnected by means of simple and cheap connections and which are firmly held together as long as a tensile stress is maintained in the blade by means of screw members. These elements are collapsible in order to reduce the size of the saw. To this end a main element has a cavity for housing the blade, while two end elements have cavities allowing the main element to be partially introduced therein.

Abstract: A method for producing a semiconductor solar cell in which a layer of semiconductor material is applied to a substrate by means of plasma spraying. The energy density in the plasma zone is maintained sufficiently high that the semiconductor vaporizes and is brought out of the plasma zone in the form of a vapor jet, which is condensed on the substrate in the form of a semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A thyristor comprises two semiconductor plates, discs or chips, one n-doped and one p-doped, each having a structure of parallel ridges on one major surface and an opposite conducting type layer on the other major surface, two plates, discs or chips being assembled together under pressure with the structured surfaces facing and rotated relative to each other so that the ridges cross and touch to form pn junctions produced by plastic deformation of the crystal lattice and pnpn layer sequences. The invention also includes a method of manufacturing such thyristors.

Abstract: A flat sealing gasket, such as a cylinder head gasket, for an internal combustion engine, has at least one opening, a cross-sectionally generally U-shaped armor framing the opening. The armor has legs straddling marginal edge zones of the gasket defining the opening. Each armor leg has an inner face in engagement with the gasket and an outer face oriented away from the gasket. A low-friction coating is provided on the outer face of at least one of the armor legs. Those sealing faces of the gasket which are externally of the armor are substantially free from the low-friction coating.

Abstract: A hard alloy including at least one hard phase and a binary or multicomponent binder metal alloy, in which the hard substance comprises a finely dispersed, homogeneous distribution in the binder metal. The hard phase comprises a carbide of a Group IVb, Vb or VIb transition metal, and the binder metal alloy comprises a solid alloy of a Group IVb, Vb or VIb transition metal, with Re, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, or Pt.

Abstract: A centrifugal caster comprising a motor driven centrifuge arm connected to a weight arm, both of which are rotatable about a vertical axis. A casting chamber is connected to the centrifuge arm and has a melting crucible disposed therein, and a counterweight is fixedly attached to the weight arm. The casting chamber is provided with a region for mounting a muffle set comprising a casting muffle inserted into an exchangeable muffle cage which is associated with the casting muffle according to size and weight, whereby the total weight of the muffle set is of such magnitude that upon rotation, the centrifuge arm is in balance with the weight arm and its fixedly attached counterweight.