Abstract: A machine translation apparatus includes: a transfer dictionary for translation word searching for storing therein a semantic code representative of semantic categorization of a source language word, a dominated code which is a semantic code of a word relatable to the source language word, and a translation word of a target language corresponding to the dominated code; a dominated code and semantic code searching unit for executing a logical AND operation applicable to a word at each node of an intermediate structure obtained by parsing an inputted source language sentence, to be performed on the dominated code of the each node and the semantic code of a node related to the each node, which are respectively stored in the transfer dictionary for translation word searching, and determining proper ones of the dominated code and the semantic code, respectively and a translation word searching unit for searching a translation word for each node corresponding to the dominated code obtained by the dominated code and

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory system for one of a multiple of values includes a memory cell having an input terminal, an output terminal, and a control terminal. The memory cell, which may be an EEPROM, stores nonvolatile electric charge, and establishes a voltage threshold between the input terminal and the output terminal which influences a current therebetween, the threshold having a level which is dependent upon the amount of the electric charge stored by the storing means. A writing circuit is connected to the input terminal and is responsive to an input data signal having a value selected from among at least three values for applying electric charge, in an amount corresponding to the value of the selected data signal, to the input terminal for storage in the memory cell. A reading circuit is provided to measure the value of the voltage threshold between the input and output terminals and to output a data signal having a value which corresponds to the measured value of the threshold voltage.