Abstract: A liner-sieve system for use with a litter box which employs litter of the clumping type. The system includes a cassette having a plurality of flexible liner sheets stacked over the litter box with an expandable or stretchable netting secured to a surface of each liner sheet disposed in a central area of the box. A releasable flap in the form of a slit is formed in each liner sheet beneath the netting. The liner sheets are fused together at peripheral edges which can be draped over the wall of the litter box, and the liner sheets are perforated adjacent the peripheral edges for separation of an uppermost liner sheet from the next lower liner sheet. Clumping litter disposed in the central area opens the flap to allow the unclumped litter to sift through the netting onto the next lower liner sheet. The clumped litter and feces is retained in the liner and netting material for convenient disposal.

Abstract: A method for ameliorating a cellular dysfunction of a tissue such as the cosmetic treatment of hair loss and stimulation of hair growth is disclosed. The method comprises administering substituted or unsubstituted 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperdinyloxyl (TEMPO) to the affected tissue.

Abstract: A composition and method for ameliorating a cellular dysfunction of a tissue such as the cosmetic treatment of hair loss and stimulation of hair growth are disclosed. The method comprises administering a nitroso or nitrone spin trap such as N-t-butyl-.alpha.-phenylnitrone (PBN) to the affected tissue.

Abstract: A composition and method for ameliorating a cellular dysfunction of a tissue such as the cosmetic treatment of hair loss and stimulation of hair growth is disclosed. The method comprises administering 2,2-disubstituted-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy (DOXYL) to the affected tissue.

Abstract: A composition and method for ameliorating a cellular dysfunction of a tissue such as the cosmetic treatment of hair loss and stimulation of hair growth are disclosed. The method comprises administering a spin label such as 2-(acetoxymercuri)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolin-1-yloxy-3-oxide, 3-carbamoyl-2,5-dihydro-2,2,5,5,-tetramethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yloxy, or 3-(?ethoxycarbonyl!-oxycarbonyl)-2,5-dihydro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1H-pyrrol -1-yloxy to the affected tissue.

Abstract: A composition and method for ameliorating a cellular dysfunction of a tissue such as the cosmetic treatment of hair loss and stimulation of hair growth is disclosed. The method comprises administering substituted or unsubstituted 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl (PROXYL) to the affected tissue.

Abstract: A urea production process combining lower pressure urea concentration and carbamate recovery steps into a single non-vacuum operation. Following high pressure stripping wherein a bulk of unreacted carbamate is recovered from the reaction effluent, remaining carbamate is stripped by heated air at atmospheric pressure wherein urea is concurrently concentrated without the use of vacuum evaporators. Weak carbamate solution subsequently formed is stripped of water (and residual urea is hydrolyzed) using air and steam at a medium pressure single tower hydrolyzer/stripper to obtain a concentrated carbamate stream suitable for recycle to the reactor. The process employs heat integration for enhanced energy efficiency and produces a good quality aqueous condensate suitable for direct use as boiler feed water. Thus the aqueous condensate produced requires no additional cooling and ammonia treatment. The process employs simplified and reduced process unit operation to eliminate equipment for cost reduction.

Abstract: A liner-sieve system for use with a litter box which employs litter of the clumping type. The system includes a cassette having a plurality of flexible liner sheets stacked over the litter box with a netting secured to an upper surface of each liner sheet disposed in a central area of the box. A releasable flap is formed in each liner sheet beneath the netting. The liner sheets are fused together at peripheral edges which can be draped over the wall of the litter box, and the liner sheets are perforated adjacent the peripheral edges for separation of an uppermost liner sheet from the next lower liner sheet. Clumping litter disposed in the central area opens the flap to allow the unclumped litter to sift through the netting onto the next lower liner sheet. The clumped litter and feces is retained in the liner and netting material for convenient disposal. The flap generally inhibits litter from passing through the netting until the uppermost liner sheet is lifted from the next lower liner sheet.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fixed-bed, cross-flow catalytic reactor wherein reaction heat can be exchanged against a heat exchange medium circulating indirectly through the catalyst bed, and a catalytic process comprising operation of the cross-flow reactor. The reactor comprises a catalyst bed having internally embedded banks of heat exchange tubes. An inlet distributor distributes reactants along the axial length of the bed. The distributed fluid passes through the bed in a cross-flow path wherein a catalytic reaction occurs. The reaction effluent is then collected from the bed by an outlet product collector. A heat exchange medium circulated through the internal heat exchange tubes adds or removes reaction heat as required for enhanced conversion in the reactor. Multiple heat exchange tubes can be used, and inlet and discharge manifolds are provided for distributing the circulating heat exchange medium.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fail-safe linkage for a reciprocating pump and a method for repairing the pump following failure of the linkage. The pump linkage includes a break rod inserted between the crosshead and piston rod so that an inevitable failure of the linkage occurs predictably in the break rod. In such a manner, pump downtime can be reduced following failure since the break rod can be easily replaced without extensive disassembly of the pump.

Abstract: A high efficiency process and apparatus for extracting condensable vapors from a gas stream using a vortex tube expansion. The process comprises partially condensing a raw feed high pressure gas stream rich in condensable vapor in a high pressure condenser by an exchange of heat with a cooling medium comprising a cold exhaust stream from a vortex tube; separating condensate from the raw gas stream in a separator to produce a raw lean gas stream; expanding the raw lean gas stream in the vortex tube to produce the cold exhaust stream and a hot exhaust stream; and preferably ejecting the cold exhaust stream with the hot exhaust stream in an ejector to increase pressure differential through the vortex tube.

Abstract: Topical pyridine N-oxides, including 3-carboxypyridine N-oxide, niacinamide N-oxide, and .alpha.-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-t-butylnitrone, are disclosed. The topical compositions have utility in a topical pharmaceutical formulation for the cosmetic treatment of hair loss and the cosmetic stimulation of hair growth.

Abstract: SOD for treating hair loss is disclosed. The SOD has utility in a topical pharmaceutical formulation for the cosmetic treatment of hair loss and the cosmetic stimulation of hair growth. The SOD comprises copper salicylate, copper aspirinate, indomethacin-copper, or a complex of an amino acid or peptide and a transition metal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for positioning drill pipe within a mousehole are disclosed. The apparatus includes a lifting member positioned by an elevator disposed at a bottom end of a mousehole wherein the member abuts the pipe from beneath. The elevator can comprise an expandable bladder or a carriage lifted by a cable. By engaging the elevator, the position of the upper end of the pipe can be raised a sufficient degree above the top end of the mousehole to apply a pipe tool around the pipe upper end. In such a manner, the mousehole joint can be removed using a conventional pipe hoist rather than by connection to the kelly joint which might necessitate otherwise a cessation of drilling.