Abstract: A reduced size multiplexer and, in particular, a reduced size optical signal multiplexer module is provided for use in a reduced size enclosure. The optical signal multiplexer module has electrical and optical connectors on its faceplate to provide ease in access without having to remove the optical signal multiplexer from the enclosure. The optical signal multiplexer circuit is configured in a standard Type 400 mechanics circuit board arrangement. The optical signal multiplexer module therefore can be inserted into an enclosure in a direction opposite to that in which the DS1 or DS3 connector projects from the face plate, so that the DS1 or DS3 connector remains freely accessible outside of the enclosure when the optical signal multiplexer module is fully loaded into the enclosure. DS1 and DS3 cables and optical fibers can thus be easily coupled to the DS1 and DS3 and optical connectors, respectively, when the SONET multiplexer circuit is fully loaded into the enclosure.

Abstract: An Ethernet extension device is provided for metro or last mile Ethernet service via twisted pairs as opposed to fiber optics. The Ethernet extension device is implemented as a plug-in extension for existing infrastructure (e.g., in a standard electrical wall box or Type-200™ Mechanics card) that employs lighting and power cross protection required by the telephone companies for Ethernet connectivity to the telephone network (e.g., for connection between a user's building and a telephone company building over existing outdoor telephone cables).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for detecting occupancy in an area using multiple detection technologies (e.g., ultrasound and infrared sensing) to intelligently control switching of plural load circuits whereby one of the circuits is affected by photocell control. A programmable controller implements auto-on, manual-on, reversion to auto-on and override operations with respect to the separately controlled load circuits based on sensor outputs and user inputs. An improved power supply for an occupancy sensor and load control device employs a DC voltage derived from leakage AC voltage between line and ground to drive the sensors and other circuits, and a switching regulator with a switching cycle controlled by a pulse width modulated (PWM) subsystem of the apparatus, allowing synchronous, delayed or exclusive operation relative to the sensing technology such as the US transmitter.

Abstract: A photo controller circuit for use in hazardous areas has an output switching (OS) circuit comprising an alternistor for ON/OFF switching of a load, and an optoisolator for gating the alternistor. A light to voltage converter (LVC) circuit generates a DC voltage proportional to detected incident light. A hysteresis control (HS) circuit comprises a voltage comparator for generating an output depending on the DC voltage and the state of the OS circuit. An integrator and switching (IS) circuit turns on and activates the optoisolator when the output of the HC circuit indicates the detected incident light is below a selected level, and turns off and deactivates the optoisolator when the output of the HC circuit indicates the detected incident light is above a selected level. The IS circuit time delays the output of the HC circuit prior activating or deactivating the optoisolator. The electronic components are rated for 125° C.

Abstract: A system and method for transmitting DS3 signals over long distances over a plurality of twisted pair conductors is provided. A DS3 interface is provided. The DS3 signal is inversely multiplexed into a plurality of data streams. Overhead is added to the data streams to generate packets having stream identifiers and packet number identifiers. At the receive end, received packets are synchronized using the stream and packet number identifiers, and multiplexed back into a DS3 signal. Systems according to embodiments of the invention are compatible with existing loopback codes, passing through a first loopback code received, and optionally entering a loopback mode where more than one loopback code is received consecutively without an intervening loop down code being received. The incorporated technology permits very small packaging and thereby permits use in small outdoor enclosures.

Abstract: A central office module and a remote terminal module are provided for span powering a variety of high speed DS3 and higher-bandwidth communication modules that require sufficiently little power so as to permit their powering over as many as four telephone wires of at least one mile in length. The up to four twisted pairs only provide power between the central office, remote terminal, controlled environment vault, hut or similar location including the telephone room or closet at a large remote site and remote terminal.

Abstract: A reduced size multiplexer and, in particular, a reduced size SONET multiplexer module is provided for use in a reduced size enclosure. The SONET multiplexer module has electrical and optical connectors on its faceplate to provide ease in access without having to remove the SONET multiplexer from the enclosure. The SONET multiplexer circuit is configured in a standard Type 400 mechanics circuit board arrangement. The SONET multiplexer module therefore can be inserted into an enclosure in a direction opposite to that in which the coaxial connector projects from the face plate, so that the coaxial connector remains freely accessible outside of the enclosure when the SONET multiplexer module is fully loaded into the enclosure. Coaxial cables and optical fibers can thus be easily coupled to the coaxial and optical connectors, respectively, when the SONET multiplexer circuit is fully loaded into the enclosure.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for determining an expected life of an electric surge protection component. The system and method monitors preferably each surge that an electric surge protection component experiences. Each surge is measured to determine magnitude and duration, and a cumulative surge measurement history is maintained for each component. Based upon an analysis of the cumulative surge measurement history, an expected life of the component is determined, and an end user is alerted at or preferably near an end of the expected life of the device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for detecting occupancy in an area using multiple detection technologies (e.g., ultrasound and infrared sensing) to intelligently control switching of plural load circuits whereby one of the circuits is affected by photocell control. A programmable controller implements auto-on, manual-on, reversion to auto-on and override operations with respect to the separately controlled load circuits based on sensor outputs and user inputs. An improved power supply for an occupancy sensor and load control device employs a DC voltage derived from leakage AC voltage between line and ground to drive the sensors and other circuits, and a switching regulator with a switching cycle controlled by a pulse width modulated (PWM) subsystem of the apparatus, allowing synchronous, delayed or exclusive operation relative to the sensing technology such as the US transmitter.

Abstract: An OC3 to three DS3 SONET multiplexer is provided employing a field programmable gate array and other components in a single Type 400 mechanics card to achieve a form factor that is substantially reduced when compared to existing SONET multiplexers. The OC3 to three DS3 SONET multiplexer has integral optical redundancy and automated provisioning. Manual switches are provided to select continue/drop and line build out for each DS3. Switches are also provided for loopback options. The face plate for the multiplexer provides front access to all of the OC3 and DS3 connectors. The multiplexer is interchangeable with DS3 to DS1 multiplexer cards and WDM cards in a compact M13 SONET enclosure that is particularly useful at wireless cell sites.

Abstract: An OC3 to three DS3 SONET multiplexer is provided employing a field programmable gate array and other components in a single Type 400 mechanics card to achieve a form factor that is substantially reduced when compared to existing SONET multiplexers. The OC3 to three DS3 SONET multiplexer has integral optical redundancy and automated provisioning. Manual switches are provided to select continue/drop and line build out for each DS3. Switches are also provided for loopback options. The face plate for the multiplexer provides front access to all of the OC3 and DS3 connectors. The multiplexer is interchangeable with DS3 to DS1 multiplexer cards and WDM cards in a compact M13 SONET enclosure that is particularly useful at wireless cell sites.

Abstract: Disclosed is an end-of-life status alarm indication circuit and method for indicating the failure of the primary contacts of a ground fault circuit interruption (GFCI) device to open when a ground fault circuit is detected by the GFCI device. The GFCI device will protect against the situation where the primary contacts of a GFCI device become welded together and will not open when a ground fault circuit is detected by the device. The alarm indication may be either an audible or visual indication.

Abstract: A self test (ST) ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) provides a half wave rectifier for powering circuitry for determining and annunciating end of life (EOL) of the GFCI regardless of a shorted diode bridge or opening of a printed circuit board (PCB) trace. A fuse resistor is provided to open before an open PCB trace can occur. A microprocessor-controlled heat-conducting circuit is provided adjacent to a thermal fuse to controllably open the thermal fuse and remove power from face receptacle contacts and load terminals when EOL occurs.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing a centralized speaker system that allows multiple speakers connected to a central amplifier speaker line to be monitored and controlled from a central location via a master/slave protocol. The centralized speaker system comprises a central station for selectively communicating at least one of a command and an information signal to a destination device. A tone generator is adapted to communicate an activation tone to the destination device. An amplifier, which is colocated with the central station, is adapted to amplify the signals to the destination device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for detecting motion or displacement of an object in a monitored zone. The apparatus is disposed between a load and a power source and comprises a transmitter for providing a pulsed signal within a monitored zone. The pulsed signal interacts with objects in the monitored zone and provides a return signal. A receiver receives echoes from a return signal of the pulsed record signal, and a microcontroller circuit processes the echoes. The processing involves extracting a kernel from the return signal and multiplying the kernel by the stored return signal.

Abstract: A land mobile radio dispatch system is provided, which comprises a radio, one or more remote dispatch devices, and a scanning tone remote adapter connected to the radio and the remote dispatch devices, and is adapted to receive tonal signals from the remote dispatch devices. The dispatch system provides scanning of RF channels, control from remote locations, and parallel updating of multiple dispatch devices, including changing the channel or the base station and notifying other dispatch devices of the current channel-in-use. The tonal signals indicate either an action taken, or an action desired to be taken by the remote dispatch devices. The scanning tone remote adapter is further adapted to transmit received tonal signals to remote dispatch devices, which can indicate the status of the radio, or requested commands by other remote dispatch devices.

Abstract: A reduced size multiplexer and, in particular, a reduced size SONET multiplexer module is provided for use in a reduced size enclosure. The SONET multiplexer module has electrical and optical connectors on its faceplate to provide ease in access without having to remove the SONET multiplexer from the enclosure. The SONET multiplexer circuit is configured in a standard Type 400 mechanics circuit board arrangement. The SONET multiplexer module therefore can be inserted into an enclosure in a direction opposite to that in which the coaxial connector projects from the face plate, so that the coaxial connector remains freely accessible outside of the enclosure when the SONET multiplexer module is fully loaded into the enclosure. Coaxial cables and optical fibers can thus be easily coupled to the coaxial and optical connectors, respectively, when the SONET multiplexer circuit is fully loaded into the enclosure.

Abstract: An off-hook management telecommunication system comprising a DTMF detector, an encoder and a microprocessor located within a channel unit. The system allows the user to depress a selected sequence of keys during a line connection which indicate to the microprocessor to hold the line off-hook, via signaling to a central office, despite the fact that the telephone is being returned to an on-hook position. The line is held off-hook for a predetermined amount of time to allow the user to switch telephones.

Abstract: A ground fault interrupter apparatus is provided that employs a switching device that is operated in two stages. The first stage operates a solenoid in order to close the contacts and preferably provides coupling between the load and the power source. The second stage maintains the coupling, however, drawing less current and power from the internal devices of the apparatus. Accordingly, the fault interrupter meets various standards for the time required to open and close the contacts as well as keeping the dissipated heat from the device within the required range.

Abstract: A fault interrupter having a microcontroller is provided to detect actual faults. The fault interrupter initiates a periodic self-test and provides external notification to the user upon successful or unsuccessful completion of the test. The fault interrupter generates the test signal at a selected time to substantially coincide with the zero-crossing of the AC power source. A manual test can also be performed using a manual test switch provided as a direct input to the microcontroller.