Abstract: This invention provides an improved composition and process for pretreatment of aluminum prior to electroplating. The invention is an aqueous composition comprised of an acid, an oxidizing agent, and, optionally, a halogenated compound. This composition is useful in a process that effectively removes smut that results from the etching step of the aluminum pretreatment process. Alternatively, the composition can be used in a process which combines the etch and desmut steps in Al pretreatment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for manufacturing polyesters, in particular, to using a lithium titanyl oxalate as the catalyst for such reaction to provide fast reactions with excellent color properties for the resulting polyester. The present invention provides an improved method of producing polyester by the polycondensation of polyester forming reactants wherein the improvement comprises utilizing, as the polycondensation catalyst, lithium titanyl oxalate. The improved process produces a polyester of improved color versus other titanyl oxalate catalysts and a novel polyester without the presence of antimony.

Abstract: An uncatalyzed process is provided for the fluorination of 240 fa in the presence of a solvent.

Abstract: In the process according to the invention for the aqueous suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride, alone or as a mixture with another vinyl monomer, the polymerization initiator comprises at least one compound chosen from dialkyl peroxydicarbonates, peroxy-tert-alkanoates and diacyl peroxides and use is made, as agent for halting the polymerization, of a mono- or disubstituted hydroxylamine. The resins thus obtained exhibit improved color and heat stability.

Abstract: Foam blowing agents blends of 5-50 mole % HCFC-22 and 95-50 mole % of n-pentane, i-pentane and/or cyclopentane are provided, as are polyol premixes and polyurethane foam compositions containing such blends.

Abstract: This invention provides: (a) new organotin functionalized silanes: (b) a solid prepared by chemically bonding organotin functionalized silanes to a solid inorganic support containing surface hydroxy groups: (c) a solid catalyst prepared from said supported organotin functionalized silane; (d) a process for conducting esterification or transesterification, and urethane, urea, silicone, and amino forming reaction utilizing said solid supported catalyst; (e) a process of separating the solid supported catalyst from the reaction products employing ligand-solid separation techniques; (f) reuse of the solid supported catalyst after being separated from the reaction products; (g) a continuous esterification or transesterification reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino forming reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino forming reaction comprising passing reactants for a esterification or transesterification reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino forming reaction or a urethane, urea, silicone, or a

Abstract: Foam blowing agents blends of 5-50 mole % HCFC-22 and 95-50 mole % of n-pentane, i-pentane and/or cyclopentane are provided, as are polyol premixes and polyurethane foam compositions containing such blends.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the deposition of fluorine modified, titanium dioxide films (TiO2) onto hot glass by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) using TiCl4 vapor. The invention is also suitable for depositing other metallic oxide films from their metallic halides such as SnCl4, GeCl4, and VCl4. The present invention provides a process that deposits a novel, fluorine modified, titanium dioxide film (TiO2) onto hot glass by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition using TiCl4 vapor. The process uses injection of TiCl4 into a hot, nonoxygen containing carrier gas and blends the carrier gas and TiCl4 vapor with an oxygen containing gas stream containing a haze reducing quantity of a fluorine containing compound before contacting a surface of hot glass with the blended mixture. The process is capable of depositing a fluorine modified, TiO2 film at deposition rates exceeding 900 Å per second. The crystalline phase of the fluorine modified film is essentially anatase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing molded discs suitable for use in optical information recording carriers and to the optical information recording carriers thereby obtainable. The process comprises plasticating a homopolymer or a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, injecting the plasticated homopolymer or copolymer into a mold to form a disc and removing the molded disc in a very short cycle time. Good quality discs which are particularly suitable for use in optical information recording carriers may thereby be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention is based upon the discovery that nontitanyl oxalates can enhance the catalytic functionality of titanyl oxalate catalysts. This invention provides a novel catalytic composition containing a titanyl oxalate catalyst and a metallic oxalate catalyst enhancer and optionally containing a metallic cocatalyst such as an antimony based catalyst. A synergistic relationship has been discovered between titanyl oxalate catalyst and the catalyst enhancer. A synergistic relationship has also been discovered between the titanyl oxalate catalyst, catalyst enhancer and a metallic cocatalyst such as antimony oxide or antimony triacetate.

Abstract: Formulations and procedures for the deposition of precious metals onto solid substrates are disclosed wherein the formulations are iodide-free and contain an organosulfur compound and/or a carboxylic acid and a source of soluble precious metal ion which is one or more precious metal alkanesulfonates, precious metal alkanesulfonamides and/or precious metal alkanesulfonimides. The formulations and processes may be cyanide-free, and the deposition may be effected by electrolytic, electroless and/or immersion plating techniques.

Abstract: Laminates of polyvinylidene fluoride films and sheets of resins thermoformable at temperatures greater than about 500° F. (260° C.), three dimensional structures formed therefrom and processes for their manufacture and use are disclosed.

Abstract: A solar-control glass that has acceptable visible light transmission, absorbs near infrared wavelength light (NIR) and reflects midrange infrared light (low emissivity mid IR) along with a preselected color within the visible light spectrum for reflected light is provided. Also provided is a method of producing the improved, coated, solar-controlled glass. The improved glass has a solar energy (NIR) absorbing layer comprising tin oxide having a dopant such as antimony and a low emissivity control layer (low emissivity) capable of reflecting midrange infrared light and comprising tin oxide having fluorine and/or phosphorus dopant. A separate iridescence color suppressing layer as described in the prior art is generally not needed to achieve a neutral (colorless) appearance for the coated glass, however an iridescence suppressing layer or other layers may be combined with the two layer assemblage provided by the present invention.

Abstract: A crosslinkable composition of a polymeric thermoplastic and/or elastomeric material which is susceptible to scorching when processed at elevated temperatures, prior to crosslinking, in the presence of a free radical initiator, is protected against such scorching by the incorporation therein of a mixture of at least one hydroquinone compound and a sulfur accelerator. This mixture may also contain at least one monomeric allylic, methacrylic, acrylic or diene type coagent. The mixture exhibits a synergistic effect resulting in improved scorch protection for peroxide cured systems when compared with the protection afforded by the components singly.

Abstract: A procedure for the generation of organosulfonic acids from solutions of corresponding metal organosulfonate compounds by electrowinning, electrolytically driven hydrolysis or chemically driven hydrolysis is described. Appropriate organosulfonate compounds include the water soluble salts of alkanesulfonic and aromatic sulfonic acids which incorporate metals from Group VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB, IIB or VA of the periodic table. The electrowinning and electrolytic techniques described can be applied in divided or undivided cells and can be operated in continuous fashion to provide the greatest efficiency. Hydrolysis based methods can employ either anodic oxidation or oxidation both of which function to oxidize the metal cation(s) present to hydrolytically unstable higher oxidation states.

Abstract: This invention provides: (a) new organotin functionalized silanes: (b) a solid prepared by chemically bonding organotin functionalized silanes to a solid inorganic support containing surface hydroxy groups: (c) a solid catalyst prepared from said supported organotin functionalized silane; (d) a process for conducting esterification or transesterification, and urethane, urea, silicone, and amino forming reaction utilizing said solid supported catalyst; (e) a process of separating the solid supported catalyst from the reaction products employing ligand-solid separation techniques; (f) reuse of the solid supported catalyst after being separated from the reaction products; (g) a continuous esterification or transesterification reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino form.

Abstract: This invention provides: (a) new organotin functionalized silanes: (b) a solid prepared by chemically bonding organotin functionalized silanes to a solid inorganic support containing surface hydroxy groups: (c) a solid catalyst prepared from said supported organotin functionalized silane; (d) a process for conducting esterification or transesterification, and urethane, urea, silicone, and amino forming reaction utilizing said solid supported catalyst; (e) a process of separating the solid supported catalyst from the reaction products employing ligand--solid separation techniques; (f) reuse of the solid supported catalyst after being separated from the reaction products; (g) a continuous esterification or transesterification reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino form.

Abstract: A method is described for strengthening or restoring strength to a flat brittle oxide substrate which includes the steps of coating the edges of the brittle oxide substrate with a strengthening composition without coating a significate portion of the flat surfaces. The strengthen brittle oxide substrate such as glass and a window containing as the window pane the edge strengthen glass are also provided.

Abstract: Nickel phosphorus alloys can be electroplated from an aqueous acidic solution containing nickel alkane sulfonate and phosphorus acid.

Abstract: Pigmented and unpigmented polymeric resin blends containing up to 45 weight percent polyvinylidene fluoride based polymer and either polyamide 11 or polyamide 12 having particular usefulness in powder coating of objects are disclosed.