Abstract: An electrical storage battery consisting of one or a plurality of cells, each comprised of a normally positive electrode for reducing a halogen disposed in electrical contact therewith and a normally negative electrode having an oxidizable metal disposed in electrical contact therewith during an electrical discharge of the cell. The cell is filled with an aqueous metal halide electrolyte which is adapted to be circulated between the cell and a storage area containing a replenishable halogen hydrate which is progressively consumed during discharge of the battery. A replenishment of the oxidizable metal is also effected periodically accompanied by a withdrawal of a controlled portion of the electrolyte to maintain the volume thereof within a preselected range.

Abstract: A HCl electrochemical energy storage system comprises a cell having therein an aqueous HCl electrolyte in which at least a portion of the HCl is present in disassociated form and an electrode of ungraphitised carbon, and communicating with said cell, at least one member of the group of means for storing hydrogen and means for storing chlorine, said means for storing hydrogen comprising graphitised carbon, and said means for storing chlorine comprising ungraphitised carbon.

Abstract: Halogen hydrates, such as chlorine hydrate, are made by directing finely divided droplets of an aqueous medium onto a refrigerated surface which is at a temperature below that at which the hydrate forms, while also contacting said surface and said aqueous medium with the halogen to be converted to halogen hydrate. Apparatuses and methods are described. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the atomized droplets of aqueous medium, in very finely divided droplet form are directed onto a moving corrosion resistant metal surface from which the hydrate is subsequently removed. In another embodiment of the invention chlorine gas is utilized to atomize the aqueous medium and the mixture of chlorine and aqueous droplets is directed onto a forming surface.