Abstract: In some arrangements, a medical needle shield apparatus can include a binding member disposed within a shield. The binding member can include a retainer that can engaged a medical needle to prevent inclination of the binding member, and can include one or more drag inducing members that can engage the needle. In some arrangements, the apparatus can include a hub retainer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of controlling transmission of voice messages or information via telephonic voice message systems, which are sometimes referred to as Voice Mail Systems. Users of the system selectively specify voice message transmission instructions for controlling transmission of voice messages directed to them. Upon receipt of a user's voice message address, the voice message system determines whether the destination voice message address has a specified voice message transmission instruction previously selected by the recipient and processes the voice message in accordance with the instruction.