Abstract: The invention relates to a magnetic memory cell for use in MRAM technology. The cell includes a first ferromagnetic fixed (hereinafter FMF) layer with a first magnetic moment, a second FMF layer with a second magnetic moment, at least one ferromagnetic soft (hereinafter FMS) layer with a third magnetic moment, said FMS layer being arranged between the first and second FMF layers, a first non-magnetic intermediate layer arranged between said first FMF layer and said FMS layer, and a second non-magnetic intermediate layer arranged between said second FMF layer and said FMS layer. Said first intermediate layer is adapted to allow a spin-polarized write current to pass between said first FMF layer and said FMS layer, said write current having an amount sufficient to change a relative orientation of said first and third magnetic moments.

Abstract: The present invention is a modified bolt assembly and firing mechanism for creating a replica MG 34 Mauser rifle. The present invention provides for an MG 34 replica which fires from a closed bolt firing weapon, and is capable of only semi-automatic operation. The modified bolt assembly and firing mechanism of the present invention include design elements that deter conversion of the semi-automatic MG 34 Mauser rifle replica into a fully automatic weapon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vertical bipolar transistor and a method for the production thereof. The aim of the invention is to produce a vertical bipolar transistor and to disclose a method for the production thereof, whereby excellent high frequency properties can be obtained for said transistor using the simplest possible production technology involving an implanted epitaxy-free collector and only one polysilicon layer spread over a large surface and which can be easily integrated into a conventional mainstream CMOS process without epitaxially produced trough areas.

Abstract: A large number of cells can be evaluated in terms of their reaction state with molecular reactants under near-field optical conditions in a measuring and evaluation procedure of the invention. Light sources of different aperture diameters in the nano- or micro-range are disposed in a sample platform. The 2D-nano-light source array is embodied by a plurality of near-field light sources which are arranged in mutually juxtaposed relationship in raster form and are excited jointly or in succession. The carrier material used is a semiconductor material.

Abstract: A railway or tramway rail fastening system includes a shell (2) and a resilient fill (4) within the shell for holding a rail (1), the shell having an inner profile open channel form to receive the rail, the inner profile being shaped to hold firmly, through the fill (4), the head and base region and/or an intermediate portion of the rail. The arrangement is such that pinch points are produced which hold the rail in place.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing band-shaped steel for components which are produced by drawing and ironing. The invention also relates to a steel band which can be drawn or ironed and which has been produced by the inventive method. The hot strip is cold-worked in one or more steps at a ratio of the cold roll of at least 86%. Furthermore, at least one side of the band material is provided with a galvanically produced coating containing Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Sn, In, Pd, Bi and/or the alloys thereof or with a roll-bonded coating containing Cu and/or brass and/or the alloys thereof. The aim of the invention is to carry out the inventive method with the fewest processing steps possible and with low production costs. The method therefore comprises the steps: etching, cold rolling in one or two steps, annealing the coiled band (coil-annealing), optionally rerolling the band. The hot strip preferably contains boron with a percentile of 0.0013 and 0.

Abstract: The invention concerns a stent, in particular a coronary stent, comprising a tubular portion, wherein openings are provided in the tubular portion. The invention is distinguished in that the openings provided in the tubular portion of the stent are of a substantially T-shaped configuration.

Abstract: A center beam car has a main deck structure extending laterally from a main center sill, and a central vertically oriented central beam structure. The center beam so formed defines bunks upon in which to carry cargo. The upper region of the web-work structure includes a top chord mounted to run between two end bulkheads. The cargo can be secured to the deck with straps or webs. When the car is empty the straps or webs can be stored within boxes that are accessible at deck level by a person of average height. The storage boxes can be along the center line of the car, between the posts of the center beam, or they can be located adjacent to the side sills. Further, the boxes can be movable to a raised position, or to a lowered, stored position. A reeling mechanism is provided to facilitate winding of the straps or webs for storage.

Abstract: An implantable device for diagnosing and distinguishing supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias includes electrodes for stimulating parasympathetic nerves of the atrioventricular and/or sinus node; electrodes for stimulating the atria and ventricles and/or for ventricular cardioversion/defibrillation; a device for producing electrical parasympathetic stimulation pulses passed to the electrodes; a device for detecting the atrial and/or ventricular rate, by ascertaining a time interval between atrial and/or ventricular depolarization; a device for programming a frequency limit above which a rate of the ventricles is recognized as tachycardia; a comparison device for comparing the measured heart rate during parasympathetic stimulation to the heart rate prior to or without parasympathetic stimulation and/or to the frequency limit, which delivers an output signal when with parasympathetic stimulation the heart rate falls below the comparison value by more than a predetermined amount; and an inhibition unit w

Abstract: A center beam car has a main deck structure extending laterally from a main center sill, a laterally extending top truss structure, and a central vertically oriented web work structure for carrying vertical shear loads. The center beam so formed defines bunks upon in which to carry cargo. The upper region of the web-work structure includes a deep upper beam structure that has downwardly extending planar surfaces. The surfaces provide a bearing area against which bundled loads can be secured. The surfaces are inwardly reinforced to discourage deflection between adjacent upright members of the vertical web work.

Abstract: A stent, in particular a coronary stent, has at least one first tubular portion, and at least one second tubular portion. The first and second tubular portions are connected together by at least one first connecting means. The stent is distinguished in that the at least one first connecting means is in the form of a double bar.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing physiological signals, which includes a signal pick-up unit for picking up physiological measurement signals, in particular for picking up electrical signals of a heart, and first detection means which are connected to the signal pick-up unit and include signal processing means such as a filter and a first threshold value store and a comparison unit which is connected thereto and which is adapted to output a first marker signal if the amplitude of the measurement signal exceeds a threshold value stored in the first threshold value store, second detection means which are connected to the signal pick-up unit and include a second threshold value store and a second comparison unit which is connected thereto and which is adapted to output a second marker signal if the amplitude of the measurement signal exceeds a threshold value stored in the second threshold value store, and an evaluation unit which is connected to the first and second detection means for taking over a respective serie

Abstract: The invention is a static frequency divider with a divider ratio which can be switched over, tor use in the extremely high frequency range. In a preferred embodiment, the invention is a static frequency divider with a divider ratio which can be switched over, which includes first and second divider D- type flip-flops which each have two inputs which can be alternately activated by way of control inputs, in order to prevent the occurrence of metastable conditions. This is accomplished by connecting the successive synchronous D-type flip-flops upstream of the two divider D-type flip- flops and the control inputs of the first and second divider D-type flip-flops are connected to separate change-over switching devices.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for measuring the welding voltage at the heating coil of a heating coil fitting a welding current supply unit is connected to the connecting elements of the heating coil fitting by way of connecting lines and junction elements, and the welding voltage is detected by means of a voltage measurement unit. The welding voltage is detected at a respective contact of each of the two connecting elements of the heating coil fitting in electrically insulated relationship with respect to the connecting lines and the junction elements.

Abstract: A railcar unit has a pair of opposed side sills that are joined by structure that performs the function of a web in a deep beam or bracing in a truss. The joining structure is able to transmit loads that are applied transversely to the longitudinal direction of the car from one sill to the other, and is also able to transmit a bending moment couple, in the form of opposite longitudinal tensile and compressive forces, also transmitted to the side sills. The locations at which the transverse forces are imposed on, or by, the intermediate structure have longitudinal slip. When the railcar unit is placed in longitudinal tension under draft loads, the longitudinal slip allows the floor structure not to be subject to the longitudinal draft loads. In the embodiment described the joining structure serves the additional function of acting as a floor panel for vertical loads carried within the well car unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bilayer mouthguard fabricated from a high impact thermoplastic polymer blend having the ability to absorb, attenuate, and dissipate shock forces and a method of fabricating a mouthguard. The present invention utilizes a polymer blend comprising ethylene vinyl acetate and a thermoplastic urethane. The bilayer mouthguard has a U-shape base and is defined by inner lingual and outer labial walls, a channel for receiving the upper jaw and teeth, cushion pads laying within the U-shape base, and in certain designs a transition support portion extending forward from the posterior cushion pads connecting with an anterior impact brace that extends into the outer labial wall.

Abstract: A coil car has a pair of deep side sills and a trough structure mounted to, and suspended between, the deep side sills for carrying coils. The side sills extend between the rail car trucks and act as a pair of deep side beams for carrying vertical loads. The deep side sills are arranged to extend above and below the center sill of the coil car to give vertical stiffness to the coil car. The top chord members of the side sills are outwardly splayed relative to the bottom chord members of the side sills. Cross-bearers extend outwardly and away from the center sill to attach to the side sills. The trough structure has three parallel, longitudinally extending troughs—a central trough lying between two laterally outboard outer troughs. Each trough is shaped to cradle steel coils, or other similar loads, between its inwardly and downwardly sloping shoulder plates. The shoulder plates are lined with cushioning to buffer coils during loading or travel.

Abstract: A device (1) is disclosed for anchoring one end (2A) of a stay (2) to a base (3), this end (2A) of the stay (2) comprising at least two strands (2B) which diverge from its longitudinal axis (2C) in such a way as to come to be anchored in the device (1), these strands (2B) each being made up of a core wire (2D) and a protective sheathing (2E), the device itself being intended to be positioned and immobilised in translation in a bore (3A) provided in the base (3), this device (1) comprising a first rigid unit (4), which: is delimited transversally by a cylindrical face (4A) and longitudinally by two opposite faces (4B, 4C) substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis (4D) of said first unit (4), is traversed by perforations (4E) which, made substantially parallel to its longitudinal axis (4D), are each intended for passage of one end (2F), devoid of sheathing (2E), of a strand (2B) of the stay (2), and each including a bearing surface (4F) intended to co-operate with an immobilisation piece (4G) of such

Abstract: Apparatus for processing body signals, comprising at least one sensor (10, 12) for picking up in particular electrical signals from a living body, and means (16, 18) for preparing picked-up signals for further processing, and at least one first memory (22) for a picked-up measurement signal or signal portions, comprising at least one second memory (26) which contains a predeterminable comparison signal which is finite in respect of time, and signal comparison means (24) which are connected to the second memory (26) and the first memory (22) and which are adapted for sliding comparison of signal portions, which overlap in respect of time, of the measurement signal in the first memory (22) to the comparison signal stored in the second memory (26) and for output of a correlation coefficient representing the similarity of each compared signal portion of the measurement signal to the comparison signal.

Abstract: A cardiological device having a sensor, adapted to pick up at least one cardiac signal, and a signal processor including a first detector connected to the sensor, adapted to detect an individual signal or a feature parameter of the cardiac signal, wherein the signal processor further includes an averager connected to the first detector, for forming an average over a plurality of values of the feature parameter or over a plurality of individual signals, a second detector connected to the sensor, adapted to detect cardiological events, in particular extrasystoles, and a first comparator that is connected to the second detector, the averager and the first detector and which are adapted to determine a deviation of a feature parameter or individual signal ascertained in immediate time relationship with an event such as an extrasystole, from the corresponding average.