Abstract: A process and apparatus for manufacture of aromatic carboxylic acids comprises a liquid phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbon feed materials and treatment of a high pressure off-gas from the liquid phase oxidation to separate water and reaction solvent and purification of impure aromatic carboxylic acid products wherein a purification liquid includes water from off-gas treatment.

Abstract: Catalytic compositions for conversion of substituted aromatic feed materials to oxidized products comprising aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives of the substituted aromatic feed materials comprise a combination comprising a palladium component, an antimony component and/or a bismuth component, and one or more Group 4, 5, 6 or 14 metal or metalloid components. A process for oxidizing substituted aromatic feed materials comprises contacting the feed material with oxygen in the presence of such a catalytic composition in a liquid reaction mixture.

Abstract: Energy is recovered during the production of aromatic carboxylic acids by liquid phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons by performing a high efficiency separation on the reactor overhead vapor to form a high pressure gaseous overhead stream comprising water and organic impurities; recovering heat energy from the high pressure gaseous overhead stream by exchanging heat with a suitable heat sink material such that a condensate comprising from about 20 wt % to about 60 wt % of the water present in the high pressure gaseous overhead stream is formed and a high pressure off-gas is formed; and recovering energy in the form of work from the high pressure off-gas. Preferably such work is recovered using isentropic means for energy recovery, for example an expander. Apparatus for such process is also provided.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for manufacture of aromatic carboxylic acids comprises a liquid phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbon feed materials and treatment of a high pressure off-gas from the liquid phase oxidation to separate water and reaction solvent and preferentially apportion liquid phase oxidation by-product species between gas and liquid phase resulting from separation. Processes for making pure forms of aromatic carboxylic acid also are included.

Abstract: This invention relates to control or removal of amounts of dissolved iron that may be present in liquid process streams in the manufacture of aromatic acids. The present invention further relates to the control or removal of dissolved iron contaminants present in liquid streams during the manufacture of a crude aromatic acid. The present invention also further relates to the control or removal of dissolved iron contaminants present in liquid streams during the purification of a crude aromatic acid. The present invention also further relates to controlling of decreasing the formation of iron oxides on the surfaces of equipment used during the manufacture of crude aromatic acid and/or purification of crude aromatic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and solvent composition capable of removing iron oxide deposits from the surface of titanium components without substantially damaging the underlying titanium component. Iron oxide deposits may be removed from the surface of a titanium component by contacting the titanium component with the solvent composition of the invention. The solvent composition may then be removed from contact with the titanium component to obtain a recyclable solvent composition which is recycled into repeated contact with the titanium component. The solvent composition comprises an aqueous mixture of an organic acid and a hydrohalide acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and solvent composition capable of removing iron oxide deposits from the surface of titanium components without substantially damaging the underlying titanium component. Iron oxide deposits may be removed from the surface of a titanium component by contacting the titanium component with the solvent composition of the invention. The solvent composition may then be removed from contact with the titanium component to obtain a recyclable solvent composition which is recycled into repeated contact with the titanium component. The solvent composition comprises an aqueous mixture of an organic acid and a hydrohalide acid.

Abstract: Carpet backings and use thereof in tufted carpets with good tuft bind and fuzz resistance and free of inorganic and latex materials are disclosed. Backings suitable as tuftable primary backings or as secondary backings have a nonwoven fabric with thermoplastic filaments and a thermoplastic supporting fabric operatively attached as by needling, thermal calendaring or point bonding.

Abstract: Tuftable primary backings comprise a closed-weave, woven tape fabric to which is affixed a coherent web layer comprising staple fibers with fibers oriented in at least two directions and a plurality of the fibers being fused. The web layer is affixed to the fabric by penetration of fibers from the web into the fabric. The backings have substantial weftline straightness and stability against deformations in the machine, cross and off-axis directions. Improved tufted goods and methods for making the composites and tufted goods are also provided.

Abstract: Bulked continuous filament yarns comprise a plurality of substantially continuous filaments comprising propylene polymer and having recovery from compression, as measured by Plug Crush Recovery, of at least about 85%. The yarns exhibit improved resilience and are well suited as face yarns for residential, commercial and automotive carpets.

Abstract: Processes for the production of aromatic carboxylic acids is disclosed. The aromatic acids are produced by the liquid phase oxidation of a suitable acid precursor in a reaction medium comprising benzoic acid. According to one embodiment, the oxidation is carried out under plug-flow reaction conditions in a plug-flow reactor. The plug-flow conditions can be achieved by the use of a series of continuous stirred tank reactors. In another embodiment, the oxidation is carried out in two continuous stirred tank reactors fluidly connected in series. The preferred oxidation products are terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 1,5-napthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and phthalic acid.

Abstract: Crystallization of a crystallizable material is achieved through heat exchange in a plate heat exchanger is disclosed. A mixture or solution comprising a crystallizable material is passed through a plate heat exchanger at an appropriate temperature and pressure such that the material is selectively crystallized. The processes are particularly useful in the production of para-xylene, dimethylnaphthalene, aromatic carboxylic acids, and aromatic anhydrides.

Abstract: Superconducting composites comprising a high thermal conductivity carbon substrate and a layer of ceramic-type superconductor. Particularly attractive for use as a superconducting flexible conductor are composites comprising a high thermal conductivity, low resistivity carbon fiber disposed within a non-adherent sleeve layer formed of the superconducting ceramic material.

Abstract: A ruthenium-containing metathesis catalyst system which contains a ruthenium compound (A), a phosphorus compound (B), and a compound (C) containing a carbon-to-carbon triple bond. The mole ratio of compounds A:B:C is typically in the range of about 1.0:0.01-100:0.01-100. The ruthenium compound (A) is a Ru(II), Ru(III), or Ru(IV) compound containing an anionic ligand (X) and optionally an arene ligand and optionally a phosphorus compound ligand. The phosphorus compound (B) is optional if the ruthenium compound (A) contains a phosphorus-containing ligand. The catalyst system is employed in processes to metathesize olefins, including ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclic olefins, metathesis of acyclic olefins, acyclic diene metathesis oligomerization or polymerization, cross-metathesis of cyclic and acyclic olefins, ring-closing metathesis, metathesis depolymerization of unsaturated polymers, and metathesis of functionalized olefins.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an addition product of a linear telechelic difunctional unsaturated polymer containing terminal functional reactive groups other than vinyl groups, involves simultaneously reacting at least one cyclic olefin of from about 4 to 30 carbon atoms, at least one difunctional acyclic olefin of up to about 30 carbon atoms, and at least one reactant YZ in the presence of at least one olefin metathesis catalyst to prepare an addition product of a linear difunctional unsaturated polymer, wherein YZ is capable of adding to a carbon--carbon double bond under ROMP reaction conditions.

Abstract: Process for treating a textile product comprising propylene polymer fibers comprises heating the textile product with the fibers in a substantially relaxed state at at least one temperature that is below the melting point of the propylene polymer but no more than about 20.degree. C. below such melting point. In one embodiment, the propylene polymer fibers subjected to such heating are characterized by a particular crystalline microstructure as determined by small angle X-ray diffraction. In another embodiment, the propylene polymer fibers subjected to such heating are melt spun, oriented fibers heated at at least one lower temperature.

Abstract: A novel composite high-nitrile fiber in which the polymers are arranged in a sheath core type configuration. One polymer of the composite filament comprises a solventless, waterless, melt-processable acrylonitrile olefinically unsaturated polymer and the other polymer of the composite filament comprises an organic polymer. Either polymer can be employed as the sheath or the core component of the composite filament.

Abstract: A high nitrile fiber formed from an acrylonitrile olefinically unsaturated multipolymer which fiber is produced by a waterless, solventless melt spinning process.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid by the liquid phase, exothermic oxidation of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene comprising adding to a reaction zone oxidation reaction components comprising 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, a source of molecular oxygen, a solvent comprising an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, and a catalyst comprising cobalt, manganese and bromine components wherein the atom ratio of cobalt to manganese is at least about 1:1 and the total of cobalt and manganese, calculated as elemental cobalt and elemental manganese added to the reaction zone, is less than about 0.

Abstract: The process of manufacturing an unsaturated mononitrile selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile comprising transporting a reactor effluent containing the unsaturated mononitrile to a first column where the reactor effluent is cooled with at least one aqueous stream, transporting the cooled effluent containing the unsaturated mononitrile into a second column where the cooled effluent is contacted with at least one second aqueous stream to absorb the unsaturated mononitrile into at least one second aqueous stream, transporting the second aqueous stream containing the unsaturated mononitrile from the second column to a first distillation column for separation of the crude unsaturated mononitrile from the second aqueous stream, and transporting the separated crude unsaturated mononitrile to a second distillation column to remove at least some impurities from the crude mononitrile, and transporting the partially purified crude unsaturated mononitrile to a third distillation column