Abstract: This invention is for a single lamina biaxial transducer made of an electrodeformable material. Several methods form making biaxial transducers are taught. The biaxial transducer has responsivity vectors which are directed along radial lines from the axis and change in in intensity with distance from the axis so that when an electric field is applied the transducer will biaxially deform. The biaxial lamina can be stacked with a common electrode between them. Biaxers can be used for reducing stress between layers in bodies. They are also useful in deforming bodies and for making pumps.

Abstract: A calibration system includes a transducer 36 positioned proximate to a physical disturbance monitoring system sensor 20. A test signal generator 34 causes the transducer 36 to produce an acoustic signal simulating a physical disturbance proximate to the sensor 20. The output of the sensor 20 responsive to the acoustics simulation signal may be compared to a predetermined reference signal to verify the calibration of the sensor 20.

Abstract: This invention drives a piezoelectric element by transferring energy from one element 5 to another 6 by way of an intermediate inductor 4. Additional energy is obtained from an energy source 1 to make up for internal losses and for the work performed by the piezoelectric elements. The energy is transferred as needed by switches which are operated by a controller for proper timing of energy transfer between the elements and energy boosts from the energy source.

Abstract: This invention is for a single lamina twisting transducer made of an electrodeformable material. The twisting transducer has responsivity vectors which are curved or circular in nature so that when an electric field is applied the transducer will twist, exserting an angular force rather than a linear force as prior art transducers do. The twisting lamina can be stacked with a common electrode between them. The transducers can be used in actuators to provide angular forces in actuators. When combined in actuator stacks with linear transducers the actuator stack can be controlled in six degrees of freedom. Thus accurate moving and positioning of objects can be accomplished by use of such an actuator stack. Further since such an actuator stack is sensitive to accelerations in six degrees of freedom it can be used in making an accelerometer. Other uses for twisting actuators are for motors and rotational positioning of objects.

Abstract: The continuous bipolar mechanical output of a nonrectifying transducer is synthesized when the electrical segments 2 of a rectifying transducer are alternately switched into and out of a resonant loop in synchronism with polarity changes of the alternating drive signal. The known extraordinary transduction efficacy of a diverse class of rectifying transducer materials is thereby advantageously applied, while the known high electrical efficiency of resonance is also applied. Continuous bipolar transduction provides essential ingredients for the synthesis of nonsinusoidal mechanical output waveforms that afford extraordinary mechanical efficiency in a growing class of mechanical actuators, such as forcers, positioners and rubless walkers. Electrical resonance, in combination with nonsinusoidal mechanical waveforms, therefore provide a segmented rectifying transducer drive system of extraordinary efficacy.

Abstract: Adjustable gap hydrostatic bearings and adjustable gap seals wherein the adjustable gaps are useful to compensate for wear, thermal expansion, journal speed, and radial deflection of the journal. A housing 10 is adjacent to a journal 2. The housing contains an annular electrodeformable material 5 which will expand or contract radially with the application of voltage and thus adjust the gap between the liner material 3 and the journal.

Abstract: An actuator has teeth for providing large forces to an object to be moved without experiencing slipping or sliding on the surfaces of the actuator or object. The actuator moves in smooth walking cyclic steps, first engaging the object by meshing the actuator's teeth with the teeth of the object, while moving at the same speed as the object, moving the object, retracting from the object while moving at the same speed as the object, and then retracing to its beginning position for starting a new cycle. The controller for the actuator obtains information about the relative position of the teeth for smoothly meshing the teeth and moving the object. The controller precisely moves the actuator for proper tooth meshing by using mechanical summing of actuator layers, each receiving electrical impulses of a precise number of waves of a known wave form.

Abstract: This invention is for an accelerometer having a stack comprising both linearly responsive transducers and rotationally responsive transducers for measuring accelerations in the six degrees of freedom. Linear transducers such as lifters and tangenters can be combined in a stack with rotational transducers such as teeters and twisters which react to accelerations. Position sensors can be placed adjacent the transducers to sense their movement. When the position sensors detect a change, a current is applied to the transducer to return the transducer to its rest state. The current applied to return the transducer to its rest state is proportional to the acceleration experienced by the transducer, thereby providing a means to measure the acceleration on the transducer.

Abstract: A rotary motor uses a plurality of radially acting piezoelectric actuators to impart rotation to a motor shaft having surface undulations. Electrical charge distributed to the actuators causes radial actuator motion resulting in contact between the actuators and the sloped sides of the shaft undulations. The slope of each undulation transforms the radial force into tangential force that rotates the shaft. The slope of the shaft undulations provides a mechanical advantage that transforms the slow radial speed of the actuators into greater shaft rotational speed. The shaft undulations can be made in any desired or easily fabricated shape. The electrical actuation control signals can be modified electrically to produce appropriate radial actuator motion to match the undulations of the shaft. Electric charge can be shared among actuators by using switches or other circuitry. Efficiency can be increased further by using acoustic excitation and by using rollers for contact between the actuators and the shaft.

Abstract: Actuators of rigid electrically actuatable material provide articulation for robotic limbs. Piezoelectric actuators, for example, may be used in various embodiments of robotic joints to rotate a cylindrical or spherical connection or to translate a rod. Opposing pairs of actuators engage in smooth walking motion and maintain a vise-like grip on the robot limb at all times. The traction surfaces of the actuators contact the robot limb with zero clearance. Unlike the use of conventional bearings, zero clearance and full area contact provide relatively large mechanical stiffness that allows very precise positioning of robot limbs without mechanical oscillations of the extremities. With adequate limb rigidity, slop is essentially eliminated from the joints. The smooth walking motion of the actuators achieves high mechanical efficiency by eliminating sliding friction. The joints operate in air or space vacuum without lubrication and with negligible heating.

Abstract: This invention relates to a passive self-contained auto ignition system for a hydrogen-oxygen fueled rocket engine. When the fuel for the engine is turned on, the gas pressure in the inlet tube 1 can be used to heat a small portion of the hydrogen in a resonance tube 4 and inject hot hydrogen into the combustion chamber 11 to ignite the hydrogen-oxygen fuel mixture. Once the ignition has started, the pressure in the combustion chamber changes the pressures in the resonance cavity 3, which then shuts off the resonance tubes' heating ability and so shuts off the ignition. If the fuel supply is shut off the engine is turned off and can be restarted by turning the hydrogen-oxygen supplies back on causing the resonance tube to re-ignite the engine.

Abstract: A means of mapping the polarization across a laser beam 1 comprising the steps of dividing the laser beam into six beams 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32 each having a different polarization and phase. Measuring the intensity of each beam in charge coupled devices 111, 112, 121, 122, 131, 132, having an array of pixels. Matching the pixels in each array to their proper portion in laser beam 1. Adding the values obtained in each pixel to obtain a composite polarization map.

Abstract: A braided fiber reinforced composite, particularly a braided graphite fiber reinforced copper composite leading edge heat exchanger 18 is disclosed, formed of inlet and outlet conduits 22 and 24 and means forming a plurality of passages 26 interconnecting the conduits, as a single integral unit. The heat exchanger is formed by providing inlet and outlet manifolds 36 and 38, successively interconnecting a plurality of mandrels 40, 52 and 56 transversely between the manifolds and braiding reinforcing fibers 32 preferably having high elevated temperature strength and high thermal conductivity, e.g. graphite fibers, around each of the mandrels and the manifolds, the braiding progressing in a direction along the length of the manifolds. The resulting braided preform 58 is consolidated by introducing a matrix material of high thermal conductivity, such as copper or copper alloy, e.g.

Abstract: A nonintrusive flow sensing system (10) and related method are provided for monitoring fluid flow within a conduit (14), particularly such as a liquid flow (12). The sensing system (10) includes an array of ultrasonic transducers (18, 20, 24, 26) mounted on the conduit (14) and adapted to send and receive pulsed ultrasonic signals bidirectionally across the conduit with an upstream-downstream component of direction, and through the conduit in longitudinal and circumferential directions. Signal transit times are processed to obtain accurate measurements of liquid flow velocity, temperature and pressure.