Abstract: An injection-molding machine cooling tube, which cools molded plastic parts, includes a porous cooling tube having an outer surface and an inner surface. Preferably, the porous cooling tube has a porosity in the range of 3-20 microns. A cooling fluid passageway is preferably disposed adjacent the porous cooling tube outer surface and is configured to carry a cooling fluid to extract heat from the porous cooling tube. Fluid flow structure, preferably a vacuum, is configured to cause a molded plastic part inside the porous cooling tube to expand into contact with at least a portion of the inner surface of the porous cooling tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating a flowable material comprises a core having a passageway formed therein for the communication of the flowable material, and an electric element coiled in multiple turns against the core in a helical pattern. The electric element, in use, heats the core both resistively and inductively. The electric element has no auxiliary cooling capacity. The electric element may be installed against the outside of the core, with an optional ferromagnetic yoke installed over it, or it may be installed against the inside of the core, embedded in a wear-resistant liner. The yoke and liner may be metallic material deposited such as by hot-spray technology and finished smooth.

Abstract: A nozzle for an injection molding runner system comprises a nozzle housing having a melt channel through it, a nozzle tip having a tip channel and at least one outlet aperture in communication with the tip channel, and a tip retainer that retains the nozzle tip against the nozzle housing such that the tip channel communicates with the melt channel. The tip retainer is significantly more thermally conductive than the nozzle tip. A nozzle seal that is significantly less thermally conductive than the tip retainer may be fused with the tip retainer, and may be annularly spaced from the nozzle tip.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an electrolysis cell for electrolyzing a reactant product into reactants. The electrode comprises an elongated box made of graphite having a first side and a second side opposite the first side with a space therebetween, the second side being porous to convey one of the reactants through it into the space as the reactants are produced without conveying the reactant product. The reactant conveyed through the porous portion into the electrode internal space exits the electrode through an outlet aperture at an end of the electrode.

Abstract: A reactant product valve for an electrolysis cell. The valve comprises first and second members disposed generally horizontally in the reactant product above the electrodes. The second member floats on liquid reactant product, sinks in liquid reactant and is movable between a closed position and open positions to control flow of reactant product through the valve. A plurality of apertures in the second member are offset horizontally from a plurality of apertures in the first member. The valve has at least one open position at which the second member is spaced from the first member so that the apertures in the first member communicate with the apertures in the second member, thereby allowing movement of reactant product through the valve. In the closed position the second member is adjacent the first member and the apertures do not communicate, thereby prohibiting movement of reactant product through the valve.

Abstract: A coupon vehicle for necked containers comprising a body having a central aperture for receiving the neck of a container and at least one line of perforations extending from the outer edge of the body to the central aperture. The perforations allow the body to be fractured so that the entire coupon vehicle can then easily be removed from the neck of the container. In the preferred embodiment the body is flat and disk-shaped, and has two lines of diametrically opposed perforations that facilitate separating the body into two uniform portions which can be used for separate purposes. The body preferably has a plurality of slits extending radially from the central aperture which form flaps that flex during installation and securely attach the coupon vehicle to the container. In alternate embodiments, at least one line of perforations extends from the outer edge to at least one slit.