Abstract: A process for inexpensively producing an insulating substrate suitable for use in image displays fabricated through a high-temperature production step, such as plasma displays and field emission displays (FED). A multilayered insulating film of one member selected from SiO2, a silicon oxynitride, and a silicon nitride is coated on a surface of a glass plate by reactive sputtering using one or more silicon targets in oxygen or/and nitrogen. The interface between layers in the multilayered insulating film functions to trap sodium ions thermally diffusing from the glass, whereby the amount of sodium ions which dissolve in the insulating film and reach the surface thereof is considerably reduced.

Abstract: Recording medium storing an additional information for defect management and a method for managing defects are disclosed. The method includes the steps of processing a defective data block during checking for defects of the recording medium where A/V data is recorded in a reference block unit of a predetermined size, using a predetermined defect management method, and moving the reference block including the defective data block to an unused area from a user area, and recording additional information for managing defects of the reference block moved to the unused area on a predetermined information area of the recording medium. Thus, defects are independently managed during recording and reproduction of video and audio data on a rewritable recording medium, to thereby ensure real-time reproduction without changing the method for managing defects which are physical regulations of the recording medium.

Abstract: A dynamo-electric machine comprises a shaft, a core secured to the shaft having slots formed therein extending in the axial direction, a winding composed of a wiring wound by a lap winding method through the slots, a commutator having commutator segments disposed at one end of the core and secured to the shaft, and equalizing connectors electrically connecting commutator segments which should have the same electric potential to each other, wherein the equalizing connectors are disposed in close contact with an end surface of the commutator.

Abstract: A method for introducing and expressing genes in animal cells is disclosed comprising infecting said animal cells with live invasive bacteria, wherein said bacteria contain a eukaryotic expression cassette encoding said gene. The gene may encode, e.g., a vaccine antigen, an therapeutic agent, an immunoregulatory agent or a anti-sense RNA or a catalytic RNA.

Abstract: A sheet material supplying apparatus having a low-cost sucker adsorbing unit of a simple structure is provided for the carrying of sheet materials that are used under a high-humidity environment or that include humidity, to ensure a proper separation of each sheet material. Sheet materials accommodated in a tray are being sandwiched between a push-up panel and an engagement claw. At the time of taking out the sheet materials from the tray, the push-up panel is pressed down by a cam to cancel the state of sandwiching between the engagement claw and the push-up panel. Accordingly, only the top layer sheet material is taken out from the tray, with the rest of the lower layer sheet materials being dropped by their self-weight. Further, the sheet materials are carried by the sucker adsorbing unit.

Abstract: An upper wiring layer formed with a bonding pad portion has a stacked structure of a first titanium nitride film, a titanium film, a second titanium nitride film and an aluminum alloy film on the upper surface of an interlayer insulation layer. Also, the upper wiring has a stacked structure of titanium silicide film, the titanium film, the titanium nitride film and the aluminum alloy film. The fabrication process includes forming the interlayer insulation layer having a silicon oxide film by plasma CVD using silane and N.sub.2 O and processing an upper surface of the interlayer insulation layer by plasma under a nitrogen atmosphere to form a plasma processed nitrogen layer.

Abstract: A cleaning roller system, which is preferable for use in a printer having a printing head, is disclosed. The cleaning roller system comprises an adhesive roller which is provided on a recording material feeding side relative to a print head, the adhesive roller has adhesive property, and is in contact with a surface of said recording material, and rotates in a direction of transporting said recording material.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having an epitaxial layer of one conductivity type formed on a semiconductor substrate of the other conductivity type, a base region of the other conductivity type formed on the epitaxial layer to extend from a surface of the epitaxial layer to a predetermined depth, the base region including an intrinsic base region and an external base region, an emitter region of the one conductivity type formed in the intrinsic base region, and a pedestal collector region of the one conductivity type formed in a portion of the epitaxial layer which is immediately under the base region to correspond thereto, wherein the pedestal collector region comprises a plurality of layers of pedestal collector regions which have an impurity concentration that changes in a direction of depth of the substrate and which are sequentially arranged in the direction of depth of the substrate.