Abstract: A data expression is created to be executed on a computer. At least one of the at least two objects is tagged as temporary. A first non-assignment operator is executed to instruct the computer to perform a mathematical operation on object data corresponding to the one of the at least two objects and thereby creating resultant object data corresponding to the one of the at least two objects. The object data corresponding to the one of the at least two objects is overwritten with the resultant object data corresponding to the one of the at least two objects. A first assignment operator is executed to instruct the computer to assign the one of the at least two objects to the second of the at least two objects thereby copying correspondence of the resultant object data to the second of the at least two objects. The overwriting is performed after the executing a first non-assignment operator and prior to the executing a first assignment operator.

Abstract: An electro-optic clock recovery circuit comprising an electro-optic modulator circuit operatively coupled to; a photodetector circuit; a buffer circuit operatively coupled to said photodetector circuit; a voltage controlled oscillator operatively coupled to said buffer circuit and to said electro-optic modulator circuit; wherein the electro-optic modulator circuit receives and modulates a multi-channel input data stream, the photodetector circuit responsive to the modulated input data stream drives the voltage controlled oscillator in a phase locked loop through the buffer circuit, and the modulator circuit is responsive to the voltage controlled oscillator and is driven at a harmonic of the voltage controlled oscillator.

Abstract: A computer implemented Virtual Sensor Object includes an abstract class of Objects, and an actual software instantiation of which performs an abstract observation, evaluation, and expression method in either a static, a synchronous, or an asynchronous Form. The evaluation method of the Virtual Sensor Object allows the substantive meaning of the observations to be expressed in a Form which clarifies the Substance of the observations, so that the substantive meaning of the observations may be perceived directly, with little or no cognitive interpretation being required. The methods of expression and evaluation are dependent on the observation, whereas they are independent as to how they use and express meaning.

Abstract: A valve for urine drainage applications has a valve housing for attachment to a urine receptacle and a valve member rotatable within the valve housing between an open position, in which liquid can flow from the receptacle along an angled path from the inlet to the outlet from the valve, and a closed position cutting off the liquid flow. The valve member can be rotated about an axis substantially normal to the direction of liquid outflow from the valve and a manually operable tab or handle is provided for rotating the valve member in the housing and is arranged to point in the direction of the outflow from the valve when the valve member is in the open position.