Abstract: Reaction flavors for smoking compositions are disclosed. The flavors are prepared by reacting reducing sugars and selected amino acids in the presence of ammonium hydroxide and optionally in the presence of an aldehyde in an essentially solvent-free system. The thus prepared flavors may be incorporated in tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, non-tobacco substitutes or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Reaction products useful for enhancing the organoleptic response of smoking materials are disclosed. The reaction of a reducing sugar, ammonia and carboxylic acid, whether saturated or unsaturated, and having from about 6 to 26 carbon atoms, results in flavorant products, which may be incorporated into smoking filler materials without additional processing, such as refining or isolating individual components of the mixture.

Abstract: This invention provides tobacco and non-tobacco smoking compositions which contain a substituted-heterocyclic compound as a flavorant additive.In one of its embodiments this invention provides tobacco compositions which contain a substituted-pyrazine flavorant additive such as 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-bis(3,5,6-trimethyl-2-pyrazinyl)butane: ##STR1## Under smoking conditions the above illustrated substituted-pyrazine additive and its pyrolysis products flavor the mainstream and sidestream smoke.

Abstract: Inert gas-permeable granular support materials impregnated with alkali ferrates wherein the ferrates are iron compounds having an oxidation state of +4, +5, or +6 are disclosed. When they are used as a granular filter material in combination with a tobacco product, hydrogen cyanide can be significantly reduced in the smoke obtained from the tobacco product. Activated carbon or alumina impregnated with sodium permanganate and a basic sodium compound may also be combined with the granular filter material.

Abstract: Humic acid-dyed paper suitable for use as wrappers for smoking articles is post treated with magnesium sulfate to fix or render the humic acid insoluble. Paper treated in this manner provides a product of acceptable brown color. Smoking articles wrapped in the treated paper evolve a reduced amount of carbon monoxide on smoking under normal conditions in comparison to currently available brown papers stained with humic acid.

Abstract: A process for shredding tobacco stems into fibrillar stem fragments by striking stem shards protreptically against the inertia thereof while in dynamic suspension.

Abstract: A gas-permeable substrate, particularly adapted for the selective removal of aldehydes from gases, comprising a granular carrier containing concentrated hydrogen peroxide, water and a hydrophilic stabilizer for said hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: This invention provides carboxylic acid flavorant-release oligomeric and polymeric derivatives corresponding to the structural formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN R is a member selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals and n is an integer. The oligomeric and polymeric derivatives are stable when used in smoking products and on pyrolysis release the carboxylic acid flavorants to enhance the flavor and aroma of the smoke.

Abstract: In a pressure vessel having domed ends concave to the pressure, in certain situations, the space within the domes is undesirable. One or both ends may be equipped with space-filling inserts comprising multiple plates of aluminum or other light metal secured in slightly spaced parallel relationship.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2-alkyl nicotinoids and improved methods for producing them.

Abstract: A process is provided for the treatment of tobacco which comprises the steps of: (1) contacting tobacco which contains relatively high quantities of desirable flavorants, and which may also contain relatively high quantities of materials which may produce tar and nicotine in the tobacco smoke, for example, a flavorful bright tobacco, with a stream of non-reactive gas, under conditions whereby the tobacco is heated in a temperature range from about 140.degree. to about 180.degree. C., and preferably from about 160.degree. to about 170.degree. C., for a period of time sufficient to result in a weight loss of the tobacco of from about 3 to about 10% in excess of the weight loss represented by oven volatiles as defined herein, (2) condensing volatile constituents of the resulting gaseous stream, for example, by passing the gaseous stream in contact with a surface, maintained at a temperature of from about -78.degree. C. or lower to about 30.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to brown cigarette paper having reduced gas phase constituents during pyrolysis wherein the paper which has been stained with humic acid or salts thereof is further treated by washing with water in an amount effective to reduce the amount of water-soluble alkali metal salts present in the paper.

Abstract: A cigarette perforating mechanism which operates to perforate a cigarette after the filter final assembly in a cigarette making machine. Perforating points of V design are mounted adjustably so that the points may be set to different heights to make perforations of different size thereby to obtain better control of the depth and width of point penetration. The points are arranged on an arc and are made integral in a thin strip of sheet metal which is fixed in a rolling shoe. A rolling drum rolls the cigarettes over the shoe and the height-adjusted points to perforate the cigarette with holes to a preselected depth and width assembly depending on the preselected depth to which the V-shaped perforating points are driven into the cigarette.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process for selectively removing and recovering potassium nitrate in a relatively pure state from tobacco, and especially from Burley tobacco stems. The process comprises the steps of (1) contacting tobacco plant parts with water to obtain an aqueous extract and a fibrous tobacco residue, (2) concentrating the extract, (3) cooling the extract, and (4) separating and recovering the potassium nitrate crystals formed therein. The denitrated aqueous extract is recombined with the fibrous tobacco residue as in making reconstituted tobacco and the like. The purified potassium nitrate is suitable without further purification to use as a fertilizer, thus eliminating costly disposal problems.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process for selectively removing and recovering potassium nitrate in a relatively pure state from tobacco, and especially from Burley tobacco stems. The process comprises the steps of (1) contacting tobacco plant parts with water to obtain an aqueous extract and a fibrous tobacco residue, (2) concentrating the extract, (3) cooling the extract, and (4) separating and recovering the potassium nitrate crystals formed therein. The denitrated aqueous extract is recombined with the fibrous tobacco residue as in making reconstituted tobacco and the like. The purified potassium nitrate is suitable without further purification to use as a fertilizer, thus eliminating costly disposal problems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reclaiming tobacco and paper from cigarettes. The apparatus of the invention entails a structural frame which carries a hopper intended to temporarily store a supply of cigarettes. Suitable conveying means connected to the frame convey the cigarettes consecutively from the hopper to sequential points of treatment. The tobacco is removed from each cigarette by an intermediate air jetting means connected to the frame at an intermediate station. Air from the jetting means is introduced into a receiving end of each cigarette as the cigarette is conveyed past the intermediate station so that the tobacco is ejected from the surrounding paper tube of the cigarette. Pneumatic aligning means connected to the frame at a first station consecutively aligns the cigarettes relative to the conveying means to assure direct proximity of the receiving end of each cigarette to the intermediate jetting means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for opening packaged articles, particularly packs and cartons of cigarettes, in which such items are ripped open and broken apart sufficiently to allow the contents, e.g. tobacco, to be separated and recovered. The apparatus aspects of this invention involve a ripper fan, a recycling air leg, and a cyclone separator from which the materials are recovered for further processing.