Abstract: Aqueous mineralizer solutions having retrograde solubility for ZnO contain a mineral acid in which ZnO is soluble and at least one compound of a coordinating ligand for Zn2+ ions wherein the coordinating ligand compound is present in an amount that is effective to inhibit Zn(OH)+ ion formation as ZnO is dissolved in the solution. Reduced temperature methods using the mineralizer solutions to grow pure or doped ZnO crystals, pure or doped ZnO thick or thin films, and pure or doped ZnO crystalline powders are also disclosed. Cation doped ZnOs prepared by the inventive methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A photolithography exposure apparatus exposes a substrate to a pattern image formed on a mask to transfer the pattern onto the substrate. The apparatus includes a substrate stage on which the substrate is mounted. The substrate stage together with the substrate is movable when the substrate is being exposed to the pattern image. A memory stores pattern image distortion information generated in accordance with an exposure position on the substrate when the pattern image is being transferred onto the substrate. A compensator compensates for the distortion so that the pattern is formed cleanly on the substrate.

Abstract: The invention is a computer mouse-device/mouse-pad combination in which the mouse device and mouse-pad are magnetically attracted to each other so that a mouse device will stay fixed to the mouse-pad when the mouse-pad is at an angle to the horizontal. Preferably, the mouse device is magnetized by an electromagnetic magnet which is controlled to be sensitive to the touch of the user such that the magnetic force is weakened or turned off when the user touches the mouse device and is turned on full force when the user's hand is not in contact with the mouse device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for generating, based upon user input, clock signals which are delayed by sub-delays which are of a size that is smaller than the smallest achievable delay of a conventional delay element. A user can selectively add one or more sub-delays by providing control inputs which define the desired number of sub-delays to be added.