Abstract: A stairway is constructed of one or more stringers which are assembled from a plurality of stringer units of cast material. The stringer units are so constructed as to allow for their simple and rapid assembly on-site into stringers of any desired size and configuration, including stringers of a configuration required for the construction of spiral stairways.

Abstract: Zinc coated steel strip is produced by passing a strip through a molten zinc bath containing from 0.15% to 0.18% aluminum, controlling zinc coating weights to produce a relatively light coating of 0.20 oz./sq.ft. maximum on one side and a relatively heavy coating of 0.20 oz./sq.ft. minimum in the other side, and then uniformly heating both sides for a time and temperature sufficient to completely form an iron-zinc alloy on the light coated side and yet retain the essentially unalloyed zinc coating on the heavy coated side.

Abstract: A high-strength, cold rolled steel sheet product characterized by a rimmed surface and an aluminum killed, columbium-containing core is produced by hot rolling at a finishing temperature above its Ar.sub.3 temperature and coiling at a temperature between 1000.degree. F. and 1200.degree. F., cold rolling between 50% and 90% reduction, batch annealing to recrystallize the coil, and temper rolling between 0.75% and 2.0% temper elongation. The product is non-aging, has a 50,000 p.s.i. minimum yield strength in the temper rolled condition, good formability, and a surface quality equivalent to that of Drawing Quality Rimmed Steel.

Abstract: A coke oven door lining assembly involving a vented, metallic door lining having barrier and support means serves to lower coke oven gas pressure at the door sealing edges and thereby reduce emissions. The lining may be open or closed along its length. Other advantages of the assembly involve reduced maintenance, simplicity of manufacture, and minimization of the occurrence of dense, hard to remove carbonaceous deposits on the lining.

Abstract: One or more pulsating streams of liquid material may be transformed into streams of essentially constant velocity with use of a counterweighted tundish that tilts in response to variations in liquid input. The dispensing system is particularly suited for use as a feeding source of liquid metal for continuous strip casting processes due to its ability to provide a constant low velocity teeming stream.

Abstract: The temperature of a substrate to be vacuum vapor coated is measured immediately before its is passed over a source of coating metal vapor and immediately after the vapor has condensed on it. Costing conditions are controlled to maintain the difference between those temperatures at a value which is related to the thickness of the condensed coating by a heat balance equation.

Abstract: A steel product having a combination of high strength and formability (as measured by percent tensile uniform elongation) is produced by austenitizing a steel consisting essentially of from 0.04 to 0.17% carbon, 0.8 to 2.0% manganese, up to 1.0% silicon, up to 0.12% vanadium, up to 0.1% columbium, up to an effective amount of titanium to form titanium carbonitrides, 0.001 to 0.025% nitrogen, balance essentially iron and then cooling at a rate of no more than about 70.degree. F/sec. to about 850.degree. F and at a rate of more than about 10.degree. F/sec. to transform the freshly formed austenite to a microstructure of from 10 to 35% by volume of martensite and/or lower bainite (MLB), balance essentially proeutectoid ferrite. Slower cooling rates may be employed to obtain the desired microstructure if a restricted chemical composition is used. The heat-treated steel product is characterized by an ultimate tensile strength of 80,000 p.s.i. minimum and a uniform elongation of 16% minimum.

Abstract: The oxygen content in a continuous casting mold atmosphere may be minimized by use of a gas shroud with tubular members having the following area relationship: ##EQU1##

Abstract: The inclusion of small interrelated amounts of zirconium and columbium to ferritic stainless steels results in a stabilized steel having good pitting corrosion resistance and good ductility.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for depositing a coating of uniform thickness across a substrate coated by a vapor-deposition process, for confining and directing the vapor to the substrate in a manner to minimize vapor loss, and for conveniently collecting vapor which bypasses the substrate. A pair of opposed adjustable barrier plates extend transverse to walls defining the path from a vapor source. Means feed a substrate strip in the plane of and between said plates. Condenser rolls overlie the space between corresponding edges of said plates and strip. Means recover coating material condensed into said rolls. Additional means associated with the underside of said strip, disposed transverse to the plate means and external to said walls, further inhibit vapor loss.

Abstract: Desulfurization of molten ferrous metals such as pig iron is facilitated through the injection of a particulate fluidized mixture of non-oxidizing material and magnesium-containing reactive material by in-line mixing in a conveying line and consequent sub-surface injection. The amount of the contained magnesium, injection time, and contained magnesium injection rate are controlled to maximize process efficiency.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for depositing a coating of uniform thickness across a substrate coated by a vapor-deposition process, for confining and directing the vapor to the substrate in a manner to minimize vapor loss, and for conveniently collecting vapor which bypasses the substrate.

Abstract: The incidence of rare earth oxy-sulfide inclusions in killed hot-rolled high strength low alloy steels of the vanadium-nitrogen type is lowered through restriction of the silicon content to 0.05% maximum without a concurrent reduction of yield strength to values below 80,000 p.s.i. through a balance of composition, product thickness and hot-rolling collection temperature.

Abstract: An improved shrounding apparatus for providing a protective gaseous atmosphere around a liquid stream during its transfer between containers is characterized by a releasable shroud head and a positioning system that includes at least two pivot members. The device is specially suitable for use in the continuous casting of liquid metals such as steel.

Abstract: Liquid materials are dispensed at a low velocity through the use of a multi-chambered tundish which induces a dampening effect upon the flow of the liquid material which passes through the tundish. The tundish is well suited as a liquid metal source in continuous strip casting methods.

Abstract: Total bath oxygen content and silicon input are controlled during a steelmaking process so that a cast and subsequently wrought product is characterized by being virtually free of elongated sulfide and silicate inclusions. Bendability properties of the wrought product are enhanced thereby.