Abstract: Methods, compositions, and devices for alleviating the problems of toxic discharge of aldehydes present in waste streams are disclosed. The methods relate to forming neutralized aldehydes by treating aldehydes with oxidizing agents. The oxidizing agents offer a simple, effective, fast and inexpensive solution for treatment of toxic aldehydes prior to disposal into the environment.

Abstract: The invention provides a sterile freeze-dried sponge, wherein at least 80% by weight of the sponge consists of collagen and oxidized regenerated cellulose in the weight ratio 60:40 to 40:60, wherein the sponge has a dry tensile strength of more than 3N and/or a wet tensile strength of more than 1 N. Preferably, the collagen has a degree of denaturation less than 20% and the sponge is substantially free of chemical cross-links. The invention also provides methods for the manufacture of sponges according to the invention.

Abstract: A package for holding and displaying a plurality of separately packaged flat items comprises a paper wrapping folding into a free-standing bag and containing the items in parallel stacked relation. The upper edges of the packages preferably protrude above the top of the bag for easy removal therefrom. Preferably, the bag is formed by folding a blank of paper stock about a stack of the items.

Abstract: A method for reducing gaseous nitrogen oxides present in a gas stream by reaction with a reductant species is practiced by flowing the gas stream under lean NO.sub.X -reducing conditions in contact with a catalytic material containing a catalytically effective amount of a catalytic species, e.g., a platinum group metal, and a reductant storage material, e.g., a zeolite, effective for storing reductant species for reaction with NO.sub.X, and providing an intermittent supply of the reductant to the gas stream. The catalytic material may be prepared in any manner, but one method is to incorporate a catalytically effective amount of the platinum into a template-bearing molecular sieve material, preferably ZSM-5 zeolite, to hinder the platinum from being incorporated into the pores of the molecular sieve material, and then calcining the molecular sieve material, whereby the template is removed from the molecular sieve material after the platinum is incorporated therein.

Abstract: This invention pertains to the use of a combination of polyvalent cations, clay dispersant and high molecular weight anionic polymer to preferentially remove colloidal fines (slimes) from a kaolin slurry, leaving the remainder of the kaolin in the slurry in the form of a coherent gelatinous mass.

Abstract: Methods and chemical compositions for treating a gas stream comprising non-halogenated and halogenated organic compounds while suppressing halogenation of the non-halogenated organic compounds with the oxidation products of the halogenated organic compounds in the gas stream are disclosed. The gas stream in the presence of oxygen is contacted with the catalyst compositions of the invention to oxidize the non-halogenated and the halogenated compounds to form water, carbon dioxide, and halogen molecules (Cl.sub.2, Br.sub.2, etc.) and/or halogen acids such as HCl, HBr, etc. An advantage of the present compositions and methods is that halogenation or of the treated emissions is suppressed over a process operating temperature range 400 to 550.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention provides oil-soluble complexes of oil-insoluble phosphorus-free strong mineral acids and alcohols. The complexes are useful antiwear additives in lubricating oils, particularly automatic transmission fluids.

Abstract: Described is a process for separating a mixture of finely divided minerals into constituents thereof. In particular, the invention relates to a procedure for effecting such separation by a novel selective flocculation technique wherein a dispersed aqueous pulp containing the mixture of minerals is preconditioned for selective flocculation with an anionic polymer by addition of both a fatty acid such as oleic acid and source of polyvalent cation such as calcium chloride. The fatty acid and cation of the salt selectively coat the component of the mixture that is subsequently flocculated with the anionic polymer. A polyacrylate salt dispersant is preferably used in the process. The invention is especially adapted to the separation of colored titaniferous impurities from kaolin clay in which case both a white purified kaolin product and a strongly flocculated dun-colored titania/kaolin mixture are recovered and then dispersed producing a material useful as a paper coating pigment.

Abstract: This invention provides a composition and method for producing partial synthetic automatic transmission fluids having improved shear-stability and low temperature properties without the need to incorporate polymeric viscosity modifiers.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions and methods for producing partial synthetic automatic transmission fluids capable of improved viscometric properties and capable of achieving -40.degree. C. Brookfield viscosities not greater than 15,000 centipoise.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions and methods for producing partial synthetic automatic transmission fluids capable of improved viscometric properties and capable of achieving -40.degree. C. Brookfield viscosities not greater than 15,000 centipoise.

Abstract: A method of controlling the friction coefficients and improving the friction durability of an oleaginous compositions, such as an ATF, comprising adding to the composition a combination of competing additives comprising (1) at least one friction modifying chemical additive having a polar head group and a friction reducing substituent group and (2) at least one non-friction reducing additive and/or friction increasing additive having the same polar group as the friction modifying chemical additive, but having a substituent group which has no material friction raising or lowering effect (non-friction reducing additive) or a substituent group which increases the friction coefficients (friction increasing additive) of the composition.

Abstract: A method of controlling the friction coefficients and improving the friction durability of an oleaginous compositions, such as an ATF, comprising adding to the composition a combination of competing additives comprising (a) at least one friction reducing chemical additive having a polar head group other than a dialkoxylated amino group and a friction reducing substituent group, and at least one non-friction reducing additive (b) having a dialkoxylated amino polar head group and having a substituent group which has no material friction raising or lowering effect (non-friction reducing additive) on the composition.

Abstract: A method of controlling the friction coefficients and improving the friction durability of an oleaginous compositions, such as an ATF, comprising adding to the composition a combination of competing additives comprising (1) at least one friction modifying chemical additive having a polar head group and a friction reducing substituent group and (2) at least one non-friction reducing additive and/or friction increasing additive having the same polar group as the friction modifying chemical additive, but having a substituent group which has no material friction raising or lowering effect (non-friction reducing additive) or a substituent group which increases the friction coefficients (friction increasing additive) of the composition.

Abstract: This invention provides synergistic combinations of dithioketals with hindered phenols, phosphite esters, or mixtures thereof. These combinations are useful antioxidants in lubricating oils.

Abstract: A method of controlling the friction coefficients and improving the friction durability of an oleaginous compositions, such as an ATF, comprising adding to the composition a combination of competing additives comprising (a) at least one friction reducing chemical additive having a polar head group other than a dialkoxylated amino group and a friction reducing substituent group, and at least one non-friction reducing additive (b) having a dialkoxylated amino polar head group and having a substituent group which has no material friction raising or lowering effect (non-friction reducing additive) on the composition.

Abstract: A method of controlling the friction coefficients and improving the friction durability of an oleaginous compositions, such as an ATF, comprising adding to the composition a combination of competing additives comprising (a) at least one friction reducing chemical additive having a polar head group other than a dialkoxylated amino group and a friction reducing substituent group, and at least one non-friction reducing additive (b) having a dialkoxylated amino polar head group and having a substituent group which has no material friction raising or lowering effect (non-friction reducing additive) on the composition.

Abstract: A method of controlling the friction coefficients and improving the friction durability of an oleaginous compositions, such as an ATF, comprising adding to the composition a combination of competing additives comprising (1) at least one friction modifying chemical additive having a polar head group and a friction reducing substituent group and (2) at least one non-friction reducing additive and/or friction increasing additive having the same polar group as the friction modifying chemical additive, but having a substituent group which has no material friction raising or lowering effect (non-friction reducing additive) or a substituent group which increases the friction coefficients (friction increasing additive) of the composition.

Abstract: This invention provides sulfur-containing carbonate reaction product additives which are useful as phosphorus-free antiwear additives in lubricating oils, particularly automatic transmission fluids.