Abstract: Electrophotographic papers comprising electrically conducting paper supports and photoconductive insulating compositions in the form of organic photoconductive dispersions are described. Particles of certain polyphenyl organic photoconductors with para-linked phenyl groups, or polyarylated unsaturated organic photoconductors are dispersed in cellulose nitrate to provide useful photoconductive insulating dispersions.

Abstract: Biaxially-oriented, heatset polyester film is heat relaxed at a uniform temperature and supported buy impingement with gas such as air, while subjecting the film to low tension in its longitudinal dimension. Undesirable draw lines, as defined herein, are avoided by maintaining the longitudinal dimension of the film in an arcuate configuration composed of a single curve or serpentine succession of curves free of straight segments. Each such curve is characterized as having a radius of curvature in the range from about 1 inch to about 8 inches, subtending an arc of no less than 40.degree.. A serpentine configuration is preferred in which case the gas impinges upon alternate sides of the web. Temperatures of heat relaxation preferably are within the range from 30 to 100 centrigrade degrees higher than the polyester glass transition temperature.

Abstract: Photoconductive insulating compositions comprising organic photoconductors are described. Organic photoconductor materials such as p-terphenyl or polyvinylcarbazole are dispersed or dissolved in an electrically insulating binder and chemically sensitized with a polymer having repeating units to which are appended a monovalent chlorendate radical. When employing the aforesaid polymeric chemical sensitizer, acrylic polymers or cellulose nitrates are especially useful as insulating binders for heterogeneous compositions of the subject type. Or, by omitting conventional binders, the described polymeric chemical sensitizer can function simultaneously as chemical sensitizer and insulating binder for such photoconductive compositions. Further, the present polymeric chemical sensitizer is particularly useful with one or more additional chemical sensitizers to yield sensitized compositions with especially desirable properties.

Abstract: Co-crystalline organic photoconductor compositions comprising p-terphenyl doped with 1 to 15 percent of p-quaterphenyl useful for electrophotographic elements.

Abstract: Oxa- and thiadiazole compounds substituted in the 2 and 5 positions with secondary amino groups are employed as photographic developing agents for exposed radiation-sensitive silver salts. The developing agents can be employed as components in developer compositions, as incorporated developing agents, and as developing agents in diffusion transfer processes.

Abstract: Silver in compound form, usually silver sulfide, is precipitated from a solution containing other silver compounds, such as the complex silver thiosulfate compounds in photographic fix and bleach-fix solutions, by subjecting such a solution to radiation having an energy level of at least 4 electronvolts. The solution as received, or diluted only with water, is irradiated without adding other chemicals such as acid or alkaline compounds to change the normal pH. Ultraviolet light and high energy electrons are preferred. Penetration of the UV light or high energy electrons is improved by recycling a flowing stream and/or agitating solution.

Abstract: Photoconductive insulating compositions in the form of organic photoconductive dispersions are described. Particles of organic photoconductor such as p-terphenyl are dispersed in cellulose nitrate and chemically sensitized with monomeric hexachlorocyclopentenes to provide useful heterogeneous photoconductive insulating dispersions. Such dispersions can be applied to an electrically conducting support to prepare electrophotographic elements.

Abstract: A thermosensitive image-forming element is comprised of at least one image-forming layer and a biaxially-oriented heatset poly(ethylene terephthalate) film support which is capable of resisting dimensional distortion resulting from the combined effects of tension and heat. The element is processed by application of heat sufficient to form a visible image while maintaining the element under tension in its longitudinal dimension and no tension in its transverse dimension.

Abstract: The surface characteristics of polymeric materials are altered by exposure to a reactive gas which has been activated by radio frequency electromagnetic radiations prior to being directed onto the surface. The reactive gas is selected from either the gases which occur naturally with 3-electron bonds, (e.g., NO, NO.sub.2, etc,) or from other gases capable of decomposition in the presence of an electromagnetic field to form (1) activated species which attack the polymer surface to break carbon-hydrogen bonds, forming free radical sites, and (2) free radicals which react with these sites. The process can also be practiced using separate activator and reactive gases, and when the reactive gas selected comprises organic material, the gas stream used to treat the polymeric surface is supplemented by an activator gas comprising the noble gases and nitrogen.

Abstract: Bubbles are eliminated from a liquid such as a photographic emulsion by passing the emulsion through a horizontal tubular container while pulling a vacuum on the container and subjecting the emulsion to ultrasonic vibrations from an ultrasonic transducer having a horn located in a well in the bottom of the container. Emulsion is pumped out of the container and delivered through a conduit to the point of use. The delivery circuit can include a secondary gas separation chamber which also has a transducer horn therein. Provision is made for selectively recycling part or all of the emulsion back into the well. The container can be operated either partly full or completely full of liquid. Provision is also made for cleaning the internal walls of the apparatus by injecting a swirling stream of liquid into the tubular container to flow through the container and downstream portions of the system.

Abstract: A monitoring technique for use in the regeneration of spent bleach-fix solution containing silver ion and ferrous ion resulting from photograhic processing. Regeneration comprises first treating the spent solution with elemental iron to reduce and chemically replace silver ion, and thereafter dispersing an oxidizing agent throughout the silver-free solution to convert ferrous ion to ferric ion. Exhaustion of the elemental iron in the silver replacement step or insufficient oxidation in the ferrous-ferric conversion step are electrochemically detected by comparison of the half-cell potential of a reference solution drawn from the bleach-fix solution in a region of the regenerative cycle where the solution is substantially insensitive to the exhaustion of the elemental iron and insufficient oxidation. Further provision of a continuously flushing reference solution provides longterm accuracy of the electrochemical monitoring method.

Abstract: An improved practical and highly efficient electrolytic method for concurrently recovering silver from photographic bleach-fix solutions which contain iron, and regenerating the bleach-fix for reuse. A substantial improvement in current efficiency at low current densities is realized by a combination of (a) adding a reductant such as sodium dithionite before electrolysis, as a reducing agent for ferric ions in the bleach-fix solution, (b) maintaining a non-oxidizing atmosphere in the cell, and (c) providing either a cation permeable membrane or a porous alundum membrane between the electrolytic cell anode and cathode, to separate a first pool of bleach-fix catholyte from a second pool of a different salt solution such as sodium carbonate as anolyte.

Abstract: An apparatus and method utilizing activated carbon to remove impurities from liquids comprises an adsorption column containing a plurality of stacked carbon containers. Each of the containers holds an activated carbon bed, has an opening above the level of the bed to permit introduction of oxygen, steam or other gas, and has means for permitting passage of liquid from the container. Liquid to be purified enters the top of the column, flows through the carbon beds in the containers and out of the column. A control module monitors the effectiveness of the column and generates signals to control the reactivation of the carbon by heating the carbon containers and passing steam into the individual containers.

Abstract: Images are recorded on ultraviolet-light sensitive recording materials employing photographic intermediates which function optically to reflect visible light and transmit ultraviolet light. To give the intermediates the desired optical function, a polyolefin compounded with certain white pigments is included as a sublayer between the paper support sheet and photosensitive layer.