Abstract: An electrical device such as a battery (20) or capacitor is formed as alternating facing layers of an array of fibrous electrodes. The fibrous electrodes (24) of one set of layers are connected at one end (36) of the array, and the fibrous electrodes (30) of the alternating set of layers are connected at the other end (38) of the array. The fibrous electrodes (24, 30) of the two layers, taken together, preferably have a two-dimensional close-packed arrangement. Desirably, no connection is made to at least one of each pair of any shorted electrodes that may be present.

Abstract: Frequency stabilization in an RF excited carbon dioxide waveguide laser (10, 110, 210, 310) is obtained by employing as an imput to a dither stabilization feedback circuit (24, 124, 224, 324) an RF return power signal (62) that is a reflection of the exciting RF signal caused by mismatch of RF power source (14, 114, 214, 314) impedance and impedance of the laser cavity. The laser is operated so as to keep the RF return power from having its minimum magnitude. By employing an RF return power signal that is never at its minimum value, the system is insensitive to a wide range of thermal variation, and need for an optical laser output power sensor is eliminated.