Abstract: A radio frequency identification tag system (10) utilizes a radio frequency identification tag (16) that includes a display (40). The display has an electrooptic display (458) sandwiched between a first display electrode 454 and an optically transparent second display electrode (456). The electrooptic display is preferably formed by the print deposition of a microencapsulated electrophoretic material between the first display electrode and the second display electrode.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification exciter (200) includes a plurality of antenna elements (122a-i) that are spaced to define active areas (130a-e). A matrix switch (202) flexibly connects the plurality of antenna elements to an exciter circuit (203). Independent switches (204a-i) are selectively switched such that an electric field is generated between at least two antenna elements whereby radio frequency identification tags (132) in the vicinity of the two antenna elements are capacitively powered to exchange data with the exciter. Antenna elements other than the at least two antenna elements may be selectively coupled to a signal from the exciter circuit that inhibits activation of radio frequency identification tags in the vicinity of those antenna elements. The matrix switch preferably comprises polymer-based circuits.

Abstract: A capacitively powered radio frequency identification device (10) comprises a substrate (12), a conductive pattern (14, 16) and a circuit (18). The substrate (12) has a first surface and a second surface. The conductive pattern is formed on the first surface of the substrate (12). The conductive pattern has a first electrode (14) and a second electrode (16). The first and second electrodes (14, 16) are isolated from each other by a non-conductive region disposed therebetween. The circuit (18) comprises polymers. The circuit (18) is electrically coupled to the first electrode (14) and the second electrode (16).

Abstract: A contactless programmable electrostatic Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader that also serves as an Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) reader is described. The RFID/EAS reader contains a detector circuit for detecting the presence of a signal carrier frequency transmitted by the transponder in response to a signal from the reader. The detector circuit has a resonator circuit which is connected to a receiver electrode. The resonator comprises a piezoelectric element with a high quality factor ‘Q’ at the resonant frequency to enhance sensitivity. The alarm carrier signal is rectified and fed to either a peak detector or an envelope detector circuit. A voltage source generates a voltage threshold to allow for operating range adjustment. A comparator compares both voltages and generates an alarm signal if the voltage signal reaches the threshold voltage. The RFID/EAS further having the capability to read the RFID contents.

Abstract: A switch status monitoring system (10) includes a switch signal processor (16) that operates in either of a supervised mode or an unsupervised mode for each monitored switch (12). Selection of the operating mode is made via configuration data provided to the switch signal processor, for example, from an applications processor (20). In this manner, reconfiguration of the mode of monitoring, supervised or unsupervised, of any particular switch within a system is accomplished by providing revised configuration data and without changes or modifications to the switch signal processor hardware. As will be appreciated, the present invention has application in for example door or window monitoring systems and in other similar security system applications.

Abstract: A portable data device (300) having a memory (302) is provided. The memory (302) is segmented into a plurality of sectors (304-312). A backup memory buffer (312) and a plurality of applications (304-310) are programmed into the plurality of sectors, wherein the backup memory buffer (312) is jointly used by the plurality of applications (304-310). A valid state of data is stored in the backup memory buffer (312) prior to performing a transaction for a first application (304). The valid state of data is restored in the first application (304) upon power up of the portable data device (300) in an event the transaction is terminated prior to completion, wherein the step of restoring is independent of a next application in which a next transaction is performed.

Abstract: An IP packet (210) is retrieved having a header and a payload. The header of the IP packet is compressed. The payload is appended to the compressed header to create a compressed IP packet. A multi-protocol label switch (MPLS) virtual circuit is established through a plurality of IP routers terminating at a destination of the IP packet. The compressed IP packet is converted into a MPLS packet (230). The MPLS packet (230) is transmitted through the MPLS virtual circuit. The MPLS packet is re-converted into the compressed IP packet at the destination. The compressed IP packet is decompressed at the destination (170).

Abstract: A method is provided of identifying position location of a transmitter device, such as a mobile or portable, in an inbound system. The inbound system includes free receivers all coupled, over appropriate radio frequency (RF) links, to a common reference receiver, the latter equipped with a high precision timebase master clock for receiver synchronization purposes. Rather than requiring each and every receiver to maintain a separate high-precision timebase to record position related timing signals for position location determination, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, the free receivers are configured to detect timing signals from the transmitter device, and without timestamping them, quickly forward them (in the form of a signal-received indication) after a fixed or otherwise known time delay to the reference receiver. The reference receiver, in turn, timestamps all signals from all free receivers according to its own master clock high precision timebase.

Abstract: Apparatus in form of a microelectronic assembly including an integrated circuit (IC) for execution of an embedded modular exponentiation program utilizing a square-and-multiply algorithm, wherein in the modular exponentiation program a secret exponent having a plurality of bits characterizes a private key, a method of providing a digital signature to prevent the detection of the secret exponent when monitoring power variations during the IC execution, the method comprising the steps of for a first operation in the modular exponentiation, selecting at least one predetermined bit, wherein the at least one predetermined bit is a bit other than a least significant bit (LSB) and the most significant bit (MSB); using the square-and-multiply algorithm, sequentially selecting bits to the left of the at least one predetermined bit for exponentiation until the MSB is selected; subsequent to selecting the MSB, sequentially selecting bits to the right of the at least one predetermined bit for exponentiation until the LSB

Abstract: An apparatus and method for preventing information leakage attacks on a microelectronic assembly is described for performing a cryptographic algorithm by transforming a first function, used by the cryptographic algorithm, into a second function. The method includes receiving (1102) a masked input data having n number of bits that is masked with an input mask, wherein n is a first predetermined integer. The method also includes processing (1104) the masked input data using a second function based on a predetermined masking scheme, and producing (1106) a masked output data having m number of bits that is masked with an output mask, wherein m is a second predetermined integer.

Abstract: An access point (10) monitors traffic flows of communication on a first communication channel (20) between nodes (12, 14, 16) of the wireless communication network system. The access point (10) directs a first node (12) and a second node (14) to a second communication channel (22) when the traffic flow between the first node (12) and the second node (14) reaches a first predetermined level. The first node (12) and the second node (14) utilize the second communication channel (22) to convey information between the first node (12) and the second node (14). The first node (12) and the second node (14) monitor traffic flow between the first node (12) and the second node (14) on the second communication channel (22) and return to the first communication channel (20) when the traffic flow between the first node (12) and the second node (14) on the second communication channel (22) falls below a second predetermined level.

Abstract: An active electrostatic transceiver is provided that has electrostatic electrodes, an energy storage means such as a battery and a transceiver circuit for communication within an electrostatic RFID communication system. The transceiver circuit includes power management features so that the energy storage means is not quickly depleted. Additionally the transceiver circuit includes amplifiers and filters so that the read range is further increased and noise sources are better filtered out. In a first embodiment, the transceiver circuit has a clock extractor that extracts a clock from the incoming data signal such that the clock and the data signal are synchronized so that demodulating the data from the data signal is simplified. In a second embodiment, the transceiver circuit has its own clock generator for initiating transmission of signals so that a reader need not have an exciter to generate an excitation signal.

Abstract: The wireless electrostatic charging and communicating system includes an electrostatic reader, an electrostatic charger and an electrostatic rechargeable device or electrostatic transceiver such as such as a smart card or radio frequency identification (RFID) card without requiring physical contact to electrodes. The electrostatic system is capacitance based and the charging and communicating occurs over capacitively coupled electrostatic electrodes or electrostatic electrodes. The electrostatic rechargeable device or transceiver includes a charge receiver and an energy storage means, for being charged or communicated with in the electrostatic system. The energy storage means may be any energy storage device including a rechargeable battery or capacitor.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification device (100, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500, 700) includes a substrate member (110) having a first surface (109) and a second surface (111). Disposed on the first surface of the substrate member are a first antenna element (112) and a second antenna element (114). The first and second antenna elements are electrically isolated from each other and are coupled to two separate pads on an integrated circuit (116, 116′). The integrated circuit includes a power circuit (814) that produces a supply voltage for electronics on the integrated circuit in response to voltages coupled over the air to the pads on the integrated circuit via the first and second antenna element. Adhesive (118) is applied on the first surface of the substrate, the first and second antenna elements and the integrated circuit for securing the tag to a person or thing.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification tag system (10) utilizes a radio frequency identification tag (16) that includes stored tag information. The tag includes an antenna element (30) and a common electrode (28). The antenna element electrostatically receives an exciter signal (34) from a proximately-located electrostatic exciter (12). Upon receiving the exciter signal, the tag becomes energized, thereby causing it to generate a read signal (36) based on the stored tag information. The antenna element then electrostatically sends the read signal to a proximately-located reader (14), which detects the stored tag information. In addition, exactly one of the tag common electrode and the tag antenna element is arranged to magnetically store tag state information. The tag state information represents exactly one state of two possible states and is read by a proximately-located magnetic reader (18).

Abstract: A radio frequency identification tag circuit chip (10) includes a circuit chip (11) having a surface (18) and at least one interconnection pad (12, 14) formed in the surface (18). A layer (24) of insulating material is deposited on the surface and about the at least one interconnection pad (12, 14), and a layer of conductive material (26) is deposited on the insulating material and coupling to the interconnection pad (12, 14).

Abstract: Identification tags (22) are secured to objects (20) moving upon a transport band (16). The identification tags (22) each contain a transponder circuit (32) in electrical communication with transponder antennae (30, 31). The transponder circuit (32) contains a unique digital code containing data relating to the object (20). When the identification tag (22) is located beneath the object (20), at least one reader antenna (25) is positioned beneath the transport band (16) and in alignment with a selected aperture (34) extending through a support plate (12). One or more apertures (34) in alignment with the reader antenna (25) provide capacitive coupling between the transponder antennae (30, 31) and the reader antenna (25). The reader circuit (28) generates a signal in the presence of an identification tag (22), which is transmitted to the transponder antenna (30) located on the identification tag (22).

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) device (12) having displacement current control. The RFID device (12) comprises a voltage source (30), and exciter electrode, electronic circuitry, a displacement current control surface (74) and a dielectric. The voltage source has a current return node. The exciter electrode is coupled to the voltage source. The displacement current control surface (74) is placed between the exciter electrode and the electronic circuitry. The dielectric is positioned between the displacement current control surface and the electronic circuitry, wherein the displacement current control surface is electrically terminated to the current return node of the voltage source.

Abstract: A storage medium (72) having stored thereon a set of instructions, which when loaded into a microprocessor (74), causes the microprocessor (74) to extract strokes from a plurality of characters (76), derive a pre-defined number of stroke models based on the strokes extracted from the plurality of character (78) and represent the plurality of characters as sequences of stroke models (80).