Abstract: Hot-electron injection driven by hole impact ionization in the channel-to-drain junction of a p-channel MOSFET provides a new mechanism for writing a floating-gate memory. Various pFET floating-gate structures use a combination of this mechanism and electron tunneling to implement nonvolatile analog memory, nonvolatile digital memory, or on-line learning in silicon. The memory is nonvolatile because the devices use electrically isolated floating gates to store electronic charge. The devices enable on-line learning because the electron injection and tunneling mechanisms that write the memory can occur during normal device operation. The memory updates and learning are bidirectional because the injection and tunneling mechanisms add and remove electrons from the floating gate, respectively. Because the memory updates depend on both the stored memory and the pFETs terminal voltages, and because they are bidirectional, the devices can implement on-line learning functions.

Abstract: Reactive replenishable device management comprises receiving device measurement data from at least one device, updating one or more device usage profiles associated with the at least one device, and if an analysis of the one or more device usage profiles indicates usage of the at least one device is sub-optimal, performing one or more of: controlling at least one of an attribute or an operation of the at least one device, issuing one or more device management recommendations to a user of the at least one device, and issuing one or more user alerts to the user. The at least one device comprises at least one of one or more replenishable devices, one or more replenishers associated with the one or more replenishable devices, and one or more other devices associated with the one or more replenishable devices.

Abstract: A plurality of reference nodes that are attached to the network are correlated with geographic location. Communication latency between the reference nodes are used to approximate the location of a target node once the communication latency from one of the reference nodes to the target node is determined.

Abstract: Noise discrimination in signals from a plurality of sensors is conducted by enhancing the phase difference in the signals such that off-axis pick-up is suppressed while on-axis pick-up is enhanced. Alternatively, attenuation/expansion are applied to the signals in a phase difference dependent manner, consistent with suppression of off-axis pick-up and on-axis enhancement. Nulls between sensitivity lobes are widened, effectively narrowing the sensitivity lobes and improving directionality and noise discrimination.

Abstract: An optical wavelength division multiplexing network has a multi-level structure where a plurality of optical network units (ONUs) are connected to a lowest-level network. A node apparatus connected to networks other than the lowest-level network includes (a) passive optical components to branch optical signals from a higher-level network to a lower-level network, and couple optical signals from the lower-level network to the higher-level network, and (b) optical amplifiers for the optical signals. A node apparatus connected to the lowest-level network includes (a) an optical multiplexer/de-multiplexer to de-multiplex optical signals from the higher-level network, selectively output an optical signal to each ONU, and multiplex wave-length specific optical signals from the ONUs into a multiplexed optical signal, and (b) optical amplifiers for the optical signals.

Abstract: An interface device and method providing haptic sensations to a user. A user physically contacts a housing of the interface device, and a sensor device detects the manipulation of the interface device by the user. An actuator assembly includes an actuator that provides output forces to the user as haptic sensations. In one embodiment, the actuator outputs a rotary force, and a flexure coupled to the actuator moves an inertial mass and/or a contact member. The flexure can be a unitary member that includes flex joints allowing a portion of the flexure to be linearly moved. The flexure can converts rotary force output by the actuator to linear motion, where the linear motion causes a force that is transmitted to the user. In another embodiment, the actuator outputs a force, and a mechanism coupling the actuator to the device housing uses the force to move the actuator with respect to the device housing.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a device which comprises means for generating an audio signal based on sound data, the audio signal configured to produce sound from an audio producing device; means for generating a haptic command based on the sound data, the haptic command configured to cause a haptic feedback device to output a haptic sensation, the haptic sensation being associated with at least one characteristic of the sound data; and means for receiving a navigation command from a user experiencing the haptic sensation via the haptic feedback device, the navigation command associated with the sound data and based, at least in part, on the haptic sensation.

Abstract: A method for forming patterns which are aligned on either side of a thin film deposited on a substrate. The method includes depositing a first pattern layer on the thin film which may occur before or after the local etching of the thin film to form a first marking. The method includes etching the first pattern layer in order to form a first pattern and depositing a first bonding layer for covering the first marking and the first pattern. The method may include suppressing the substrate as well as etching the first bonding layer to form a second marking at the location of the first marking. The method includes depositing a second pattern layer, and etching the second pattern layer to form the second pattern.

Abstract: Low-cost haptic interface device implementations for interfacing a user with a host computer. A haptic feedback device, such as a mouse or other device, includes a housing physically contacted by a user, and an actuator for providing motion that causes haptic sensations on the device housing and/or on a movable portion of the housing. The device may include a sensor for detecting x-y planar motion of the housing. Embodiments include actuators with eccentric rotating masses, buttons having motion influenced by various actuator forces, and housing portions moved by actuators to generate haptic sensations to a user contacting the driven surfaces.

Abstract: Circuits, devices and methods for use in RFID tags include receiving multiple RF signals from multiple ports. The signals are added after some processing, to produce a single combined signal. Additional components process the single combined signal by itself.

Abstract: A method for routing packets sent from a user to the internet is provided for systems in which the user is connected to a private network. The method includes: extracting a source network address from the packet; using said source network address to retrieve a user profile for the user; examining said user profile to determine whether to route the packet through the private network or to route the packet directly to the Internet; and routing said packet according to said profile. This allows a user or network provider to choose whether to route packets destined for the Internet directly to the Internet rather than through the private network, thus preventing excessive network traffic on the private network.

Abstract: A method for mounting semiconductor chips onto a substrate with which substrate places are arranged in columns, whereby the semiconductor chips adhering to a foil are presented on a wafer table, whereby the detachment of a semiconductor chip from the foil is supported by means of a die ejector and whereby a pick and place device picks the semiconductor chip presented above the die ejector and deposits it onto the substrate comprises: Forward feeding the substrate along a transport direction designated as x direction, Equipping a predetermined number of columns with semiconductor chips in accordance with the steps: Moving the pick and place device to an x position corresponding to the column to be equipped, Moving the die ejector to this x position, and Equipping the substrate places of the column.

Abstract: The invention relates to a component with a large grain dynamically reconfigurable architecture for processing of data by processing units organized in rows and connected to each other through interconnections so as to enable processing in pipeline or parallel mode or in dependent rows mode. All data types may be processed and the component may process several applications at the same time. The choice of the grain, control at several levels with limited control interconnection resources and the data distribution circuit enable local or general reconfiguration of the component in one clock cycle.

Abstract: Noise discrimination in signals from a plurality of sensors is conducted by enhancing the phase difference in the signals such that off-axis pick-up is suppressed while on-axis pick-up is enhanced. Alternatively, attenuation/expansion are applied to the signals in a phase difference dependent manner, consistent with suppression of off-axis pick-up and on-axis enhancement. Nulls between sensitivity lobes are widened, effectively narrowing the sensitivity lobes and improving directionality and noise discrimination.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for programming a single-poly pFET-based nonvolatile memory cell bias the cell so that band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) is induced and electrons generated by the BTBT are injected onto a floating gate of the cell. Following a predetermined event, the single-poly pFET is biased to induce impact-ionized hot-electron injection (IHEI). The predetermined event may be, for example, the expiration of a predetermined time period or a determination that a channel has been formed by the BTBT injection process that is sufficiently conducting to support IHEI. Employing BTBT permits a previously overerased or stuck bit to be “unstuck” or “removed” and thus be made usable (i.e., able to be programmed) again.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for programming a single-poly pFET-based nonvolatile memory cell bias the cell so that band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) is induced and electrons generated by the BTBT are injected onto a floating gate of the cell. Following a predetermined event, the single-poly pFET is biased to induce impact-ionized hot-electron injection (IHEI). The predetermined event may be, for example, the expiration of a predetermined time period or a determination that a channel has been formed by the BTBT injection process that is sufficiently conducting to support IHEI. Employing BTBT permits a previously overerased or stuck bit to be “unstuck” or “removed” and thus be made usable (i.e., able to be programmed) again.

Abstract: A solution for matching RADIUS request packets with corresponding RADIUS response packets when the number of simultaneous outstanding requests is greater than 256 involves using a sixteen-octet authenticator field in each packet. For each response packet that arrives, the identifier of the packet is compared in turn with the identifier of each outstanding request packet. If the identifiers match, the authenticators are then compared. If the results of the comparison indicate a match, the packet is accepted and no further processing of the outstanding requests is required. Otherwise, a search of the outstanding request packets is continued. This solution allows for more than 256 simultaneous outstanding RADIUS requests and only encounters a mismatch or ambiguous match with a probability of one in 3.4×1038 packets.

Abstract: A device for storing optical discs is disclosed. The device includes a housing, a carousel arranged in the housing for movement relative to the housing, the carousel having a plurality of storage compartments each for storing a disc, an opening in the housing through which a disc can pass, drive means for driving the carousel relative to the housing to align each of the storage compartments and a disc stored in that storage compartment in registry with the opening, and an ejection system to eject a disc from a storage compartment and through the opening in said housing. The ejection system is powered by a motor and a clutch system, and control means is provided to cause said carousel to rotate and to cause the ejection system to operate as instructed by a user.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for programming a single-poly pFET-based nonvolatile memory cell bias the cell so that band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) is induced and electrons generated by the BTBT are injected onto a floating gate of the cell. Following a predetermined event, the single-poly pFET is biased to induce impact-ionized hot-electron injection (IHEI). The predetermined event may be, for example, the expiration of a predetermined time period or a determination that a channel has been formed by the BTBT injection process that is sufficiently conducting to support IHEI. Employing BTBT permits a previously overerased or stuck bit to be “unstuck” or “removed” and thus be made usable (i.e., able to be programmed) again.