Abstract: A process for the preparation of an oligonucleotide having at least one phosphate internucleotide linkage I provided. The process comprises the steps of: a) forming a nascent oligonucleotide comprising a phosphorus (III) internucleotide linkage; and b) oxidation of the nascent oligonucleotide with aqueous iodine solution thereby to form a phosphorus (V) internucleotide linkage; wherein the oxidation is carried out in the presence of a base, the conjugate acid of said base having a pKa higher than the pKa of the conjugate acid of pyridine. Preferably the base is N-methylimidazole.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a poly(alkoxylated) oligonucleotide is provided. The process comprises reacting an oligonucleotide which has been purified by ultrafiltration with a poly(alkoxide) thereby to form a poly(alkoxylated) oligonucleotide. The poly(alkoxyalted) oligonucleotide may be separated from non-poly(alkoxyalted) oligonucleotide by ultrafiltration under denaturing conditions, such as the presence of organic solvents, for example, ethanol; the presence of urea; the addition of chaotropic salts, for example perchlorate and guanidinium salts; the presence of formamide; and the application of heat, for example a temperature of up to about 70° C.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of oligonucleotides using phosphoramidite chemistry is provided. The process employs as activator a 1,1-dioxo-1,2-dihydro-1?6-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one, preferably in the presence of an organic base.

Abstract: A process for the purification of an oligonucleotide synthon is provided. The process comprises subjecting an organic solution comprising an oligonucleotide synthon and lower molecular weight impurities to nanofiltration whereby the ratio of an oligonucleotide synthon to lower molecular weight impurities in the solution is increased after the nanofiltration. Preferably, the oligonucleotide synthon is a nucleoside phosphoramidite or nucleoside H-phosphonate. The nanofiltration membrane is preferably a polyimide membrane having a molecular weight cut off of 400.

Abstract: Nitrogen-protecting groups are removed from the exocyclic nucleobase portion of a 2?-O protected nucleotide or 2?-halo nucleotide by contacting the nucleotide with an inorganic base. Typical is the removal of t-butylphenoxyacetyl protecting groups from the nucleobase portion of a 2?-O protected nucleotide on which the 2?-O protecting group is t-butyldimethylsilyl, removal or deprotection being accomplished by contact with a potassium carbonate solution.

Abstract: A combination of 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole and certain imides, carbamates, or a phthalonitrile is a synergistic composition capable of promoting fruit, especially citrus fruit, abscission when applied to trees bearing same.

Abstract: Disclosed are a sulfonyl group containing fluorocarbon polymer cation-exchange membrane, one side of which has been amine treated to a depth of at least 10 microns, as well as a chlor-alkali electrolytic cell employing same.

Abstract: The specification and drawings disclose an anode for use in electrolytic cells, as well as a method and apparatus for forming the same. The anode is characterized in that its anode surfaces are formed from two sheets of metal having the same configuration and joined to an anode riser such that all weld joints are symmetrically located relative to the axis of the riser. The disclosed method involves a sequence of clamping all components during welding and maintains the various surfaces planar to eliminate warpage. The disclosed apparatus permits the various steps of the method to be carried out simply and rapidly.

Abstract: Certain imidazothiazoles and thiazolopyrimidines have been found to prevent and inhibit the formation of granuloma tissue in animals. This result is accomplished by administering to the animal subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R' is hydrogen, lower alkyl or thioalkyl, carboxy methyl, or phenyl; R" is lower alkyl, 2-benzofuranyl, naphthyl, phenyl, or mono- or disubstituted phenyl. The hydrated precursors of certain of these compounds as well as the acid addition and quaternary salts of both the compounds and their hydrated precursors may be employed.

Abstract: Concentrated alkali metal hydroxide substantially free of alkali metal halide and other impurities is produced by the electrolysis of an alkali metal halide solution in an electrolytic cell having a dimensionally stable anode and a metal cathode separated by an electrically conductive stable selectively permeable hydrated cation ion-exchange membrane film of a fluorinated copolymer having pendant sulfonic acid groups or derivatives of such groups. The membrane film is capable of use at high temperatures and under severely corrosive chemical conditions for extended periods without degradation.

Abstract: Described is an ion exchange resin prepared from a cross-linked vinyl-aromatic polymer carrying recurring active units of the formula --CH.sub.2 NHRPO(OH).sub.2 wherein R is a lower alkylene radical. Such resins are useful in selectively removing metal ions from solutions, and may be prepared, e.g., by reaction of a primary amino-substituted cross-linked copolymer with a phosphorus trihalide and a simple (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3) aldehyde.

Abstract: Cation-exchange membranes for use in the electrolysis of alkali metal chloride solutions are treated in order to introduce hydrated alkali metal ions throughout the membrane and are subsequently installed in a cell and subjected to an applied voltage not in excess of about 6.5 to 8.5, passage of current and electrolysis occurring immediately.

Abstract: The specification and drawings disclose an anode for use in electrolytic cells, as well as a method and apparatus for forming the same. The anode is characterized in that its anode surfaces are formed from two sheets of metal having the same configuration and joined to an anode riser such that all weld joints are symmetrically located relative to the axis of the riser. The disclosed method involves a sequence of clamping all components during welding and maintains the various surfaces planar to eliminate warpage. The disclosed apparatus permits the various steps of the method to be carried out simply and rapidly.

Abstract: The formation of hardness-caused deposits on the cathodic surfaces of cells used in the electrolytic production of hypochlorite from impure saline solutions is reduced and good current efficiencies are realized by employing flat, continuous cathodes having a surface roughness of less than 2.54 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.4 cm. and passing said solution by said cathodes during electrolysis at a velocity of from 0.3 meter/sec. to the number which is equal to the log expressed by the formula: Log velocity (in m/sec/3) = 1.0 - (available Cl.sub.2 concentration, in grams per liter, divided by 4).

Abstract: A combination of cycloheximide and chlorinated di- and tricyanobenzenes is a synergistic composition capable of promoting fruit, especially citrus fruit, abscission when applied to trees bearing same.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for disinfecting sewage water and removing suspended solids therefrom by in-situ treatment with chemical agents and gases, each produced electrolytically, comprising a treatment chamber, disinfecting and solids conveying means including at least one pair of electrodes disposed in the chamber, solids removal means associated with the chamber, a source of aqueous alkali metal halide solution and optionally an ultraviolet light ray source and solids collection means.