Abstract: A gas cleaning system, which is operative for cleaning a process gas containing carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide, comprises a combined cooling and cleaning system (16), and a CO2-absorber. The combined cooling and cleaning system (16) comprises a first gas-liquid contacting device (50) located upstream of the CO2-absorber and operative for cooling the process gas by means of a cooling liquid, and for absorbing into the cooling liquid sulphur dioxide of the process gas, such that a cooling liquid containing sulphate is obtained. The combined cooling and cleaning system (16) further comprises a second gas-liquid contacting device (94) located downstream of the CO2-absorber and operative for removing ammonia from the process gas, which has been treated in the CO2-absorber, by means of bringing the process gas containing ammonia into contact with the cooling liquid containing sulphate.

Abstract: A chilled ammonia based CO2 capture system and method is provided. A promoter is used to help accelerate certain capture reactions that occur substantially coincident to and/or as a result of contacting a chilled ammonia based ionic solution with a gas stream that contains CO2.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing an amount of ammonia in a flue gas stream. The system 100 includes: a wash vessel 180 for receiving an ammonia-containing flue gas stream 170, the wash vessel 180 including a first absorption stage 181a and a second absorption stage 181b, each of the first absorption stage 181a and the second absorption stage 181b having a mass transfer device 184; and a liquid 187 introduced to the wash vessel 180, the liquid 187 for absorbing ammonia from the ammonia-containing flue gas stream 170 thereby forming an ammonia-rich liquid 192 and a reduced ammonia containing flue gas stream 190 exiting the wash vessel 180.

Abstract: Ultra cleaning of combustion gas to near zero concentration of residual contaminants followed by the capture of CO2 is provided. The high removal efficiency of residual contaminants is accomplished by direct contact cooling and scrubbing of the gas with cold water. The temperature of the combustion gas is reduced to 0-20 degrees Celsius to achieve maximum condensation and gas cleaning effect. The CO2 is captured from the cooled and clean flue gas in a CO2 absorber (134) utilizing an ammoniated solution or slurry in the NH3—CO2H2O system. The absorber operates at 0-20 degrees Celsius. Regeneration is accomplished by elevating the pressure and temperature of the CO2-rich solution from the absorber. The CO2 vapor pressure is high and a pressurized CO2 stream, with low concentration of NH3 and water vapor is generated. The high pressure CO2 stream is cooled and washed to recover the ammonia and moisture from the gas.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a method for removing contaminants from a flue gas stream (22). The method includes: removing fly ash from a flue gas stream (22) utilizing a particle collector (24); contacting the flue gas stream with an alkaline reagent in a wet scrubber (26); discharging a purge liquid (30) from the wet scrubber (26); and, combining at least a portion of the purge liquid with at least a portion of fly ash circulating within a dry circulating fluid bed scrubber (48) to form moistened fly ash (60).

Abstract: A device (16) for separating particles (MP) from a flue gas flow (F) has a horizontal flue gas duct (18), through which the flue gas flow (F) is passed substantially horizontally from a first position (P1) to a second position (P2). In the first position (P1), the device (16) has a baffle arrangement (32), which comprises at least one plate (34, 36, 38) which is arranged in the flue gas duct (18) and which is inclined so as to deflect particles (MP) down to the lower portion (42) of the horizontal flue gas duct (18). In the second position (P2), the device (16) has a collecting means (40), which is arranged in the lower portion (42) of the flue gas duct (18) to collect the particles (MP) which have been deflected downwards by the plate (34, 36, 38) to the lower portion (42) of the flue gas duct (18).

Abstract: A heat exchanger heat transfer element basket assembly (500) for receiving heat transfer element plates (850) therein. The heat exchanger heat transfer element basket assembly (500) includes first and second one-piece side straps (520a, 520b), a pair of inboard corner flanges (528a, 528b), an I-shaped splitter plate (530), a pair of outboard corner flanges (522a, 522b), first and second end straps (526a, 526b), and a cap. Each of the first and second one-piece side straps (520a, 520b) includes a center portion (625), a first extension (630), and a second extension (635). Each of the first and second extensions (630, 635) includes a flange portion that is folded over across the heat transfer element plates (850) so as to be operative to retain the heat transfer element plates (850) in the heat exchanger heat transfer element basket assembly (500).

Abstract: A primary classifier (300) particularly suited for use in a bowl mill (10) of the type that is employed for purposes of effecting the pulverization of materials such as coal is provided by the present invention. The primary classifier (300) includes a vane wheel portion (360) affixed to the periphery of the rotatable grinding surface (14) of the bowl mill (10) so as to extend circumferentially around the entire interior of the substantially closed separator body (12) of the bowl mill (10). The primary classifier (300) further includes a low profile deflector portion (380) mounted within the interior of the substantially closed separator body (12) of the bowl mill (10) in closely spaced relation to the circumference of the rotatable grinding surface (14) at an elevation below the elevation of the grinding journal openings (205) and so as to extend continuously without interruption about the entire interior of the substantially closed separator body (12) of the bowl mill (10).

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing wear of an electrode holder on a discharge electrode frame of an electrostatic precipitator includes an electrically conductive member having a central portion generally contoured to a shape of an electrode holder. The apparatus is fastened to at least one of the electrode holder and an end portion of a discharge electrode such that, when the end portion of the discharge electrode is attached to the electrode holder, the electrically conductive member is disposed between the end portion of the discharge electrode and the electrode holder.

Abstract: In a method of separating gaseous pollutants from hot process gases, the process gases are passed through a contact reactor (22), in which an absorbent material in a moistened state is introduced to convert the gaseous pollutants into separable dust. The dust is separated in a dust separator (10). The separated dust is cooled in a first step by being brought into direct contact with a cooling fluid. In a second step, the cooled dust is mixed with a gas containing water vapour, said gas having a saturation temperature that is higher than the temperature of the cooled dust. The dust moistened by condensation of the water vapour is introduced into the contact reactor (22) to be mixed with the process gases. A mixer (24) for moistening of absorbent material has a first end (26) and a second end (28) and is divided into two zones. A first zone is a cooling zone (68) located at the first end (26). A second zone is a moistening zone (80) located at the second end (28).

Abstract: A hammer 28 is provided for a material size-reducing machine of the type including a rotor on which the hammer is individually pivotally mounted. The hammer 28 includes a mounting end 36 having a throughbore for receiving a pivot pin therethrough in connection with the pivot mounting of the hammer on the rotor, an extending portion 40 with the center of mass CGM located therein. The extending portion has a non-linear body portion 44 and a linear body portion 46 with the linear body portion 46 being inclined in a direction opposite to the rotation direction at an angle between 5 to 45 degrees as measured relative to a line RFL extending through the center of the pivot pin and the center of mass CGM of the hammer.

Abstract: A railroad car is provided having a box body extending longitudinally and delimiting compartments, seats arranged in the compartments, means for identifying the seats,means for identifying the car, and at least one side door providing access to the compartments. The side door is an intermediate door away from the longitudinal ends of the car and arranged longitudinally between two compartments provided with seats to which it provides access.

Abstract: The fluidized bed boiler furnace having two hearths (2, 3) separated by a divider (1) in the bottom portion of the furnace comprises one or more panels (6) of heat exchange tubes each disposed vertically above the divider of the furnace and perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction (A) of said hearths.

Abstract: A gasifier 10 includes a first chemical process loop 12 having an exothermic oxidizer reactor 14 and an endothermic reducer reactor 16. CaS is oxidized in air in the oxidizer reactor 14 to form hot CaSO4 which is discharged to the reducer reactor 16. Hot CaSO4 and carbonaceous fuel received in the reducer reactor 16 undergo an endothermic reaction utilizing the heat content of the CaSO4, the carbonaceous fuel stripping the oxygen from the CaSO4 to form CaS and a CO rich syngas. The CaS is discharged to the oxidizer reactor 14 and the syngas is discharged to a second chemical process loop 52. The second chemical process loop 52 has a water-gas shift reactor 54 and a calciner 42. The CO of the syngas reacts with gaseous H2O in the shift reactor 54 to produce H2 and CO2. The CO2 is captured by CaO to form hot CaCO3 in an exothermic reaction.

Abstract: A riffle distributor assembly for influencing the travel properties of a material feed stream 42 moving between a pulverizer 14 and a furnace 12 is part of a feed path 36 having one duct 44A having a branch entry 66A and another branch duct 44C having a branch entry 66C both downstream of upstream passage peripheries UPZ defined between adjacent intake vanes 114 through which the feed stream of the material 42 travels in two segregated portions. A motor drive assembly 58 moves the intake vanes 114 relative to the incoming flow reference axis IFA, whereupon intake areas defined between adjacent intake vanes 114 moves relative to the incoming flow reference axis IFA such that the travel properties of the one portion of material in the one branch duct 44A are different than its travel properties before the movement of intake areas defined between adjacent intake vanes 114.

Abstract: A discharge valve element seals the outlet of a fire extinguisher vessel holding a fire suppressant. A source of gas pressurizes the suppressant at least when the extinguisher vessel is in a discharging condition. When the pressure acting on the element exceeds the threshold, the force resisting opening the element is overcome and substantially eliminated, whereupon the suppressant discharges through the outlet.

Abstract: A gel is bottled in a plastic container and the top fitted with a pump for delivery of a small quantity of the gel onto dry toilet paper. The gel can thus be hygienically applied to the peri-anal area using the thus moistened toilet paper, and the area wiped dry with a second piece of toilet paper. The method leaves a clean comfortable derriere without skin abrasive rubbing. The applicator, being nothing but ordinary toilet paper, is flushable without question.