Abstract: A process is provided to react a feedstock comprising isobutane with pentenes in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst to produce a high octane alkylate as well as a higher octane isopentane gasoline blending component. A method to reduce sulfuric acid consumption during alkylation is provided wherein a diolefinic contaminant of a pentene system feed is selectively hydrogenated before alkylation. An alkylation method is provided wherein the alkylation feed is separated into a fraction comprising substantially C.sub.4 and lower olefins and a fraction comprising substantially C.sub.5 olefins and the stream comprising C.sub.5 olefins is alkylated in a different reactor than the fraction comprising substantially C.sub.4 and lower olefins.

Abstract: A process is provided to react a feedstock comprising isobutane with pentenes in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst to produce a high octane alkylate as well as a higher octane isopentane gasoline blending component. A method to reduce sulfuric acid consumption during alkylation is provided wherein a diolefinic contaminant of a pentene system feed is selectively hydrogenated before alkylation. An alkylation method is provided wherein the alkylation feed is separated into a fraction comprising substantially C.sub.4 and lower olefins and a fraction comprising substantially C.sub.5 olefins and the stream comprising C.sub.5 olefins is alkylated in a different reactor than the fraction comprising substantially C.sub.4 and lower olefins.

Abstract: A regulator for controlling the air pressure of compressed air in an air reservoir which serves as a source of motive compressed air for an air driven device is provided. A method is provided for maintaining sufficient operating pressure of a pressurized air supply tank utilized in air driven systems such as a vehicle braking system.

Abstract: High molecular weight linear copolymers of ethylene and 1-50 mole percent linear .alpha.-olefins having from 10 to 100 carbon atoms are disclosed. The polymers have M.sub.w of 30,000-1,000,000, MWD of 2-4, a density of 0.85-0.95 g/cm.sup.3, and a high composition distribution breadth index. Also disclosed are a method for making the polymers with a cyclopentadienyl metallocene catalyst system, and adhesives, films, molded articles and other products made from the copolymers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mixing and distributing two reactants within a column. The apparatus forms a mixing zone in the column into which a first reactant (e.g. a process stream having both gas and liquid phases) flows vertically downward. The second reactant (e.g. quench gas) is introduced into the mixing zone and flows radially to intercept the downflowing process stream. Due to the construction of the mixing zone, a torturous path is provided which thoroughly mixes the different gas phases and the liquid phase by several different mechanisms, i.e. (a) radial jet mixing; (b) perpendicular mixing of the liquid and gas phases; (c) jet/turbulent mixing; (d) high velocity swirl jet mixing and atomizing of the liquid phase; (e) turbulent swirl mixing after the liquid is atomized; (f) additional turbulent jet mixing; and (g) energy dissipation of the flow as the mixed stream is distributed radially outward across the column through first a sieve tray and then a riser tray.

Abstract: A process for removing calcium from an amine-water solution is provided by using a low calcium cationic exchange resin which preferably has large pores to avoid hydrocarbon coating of the resin. Preferably, the resin is pretreated to reduce calcium concentration of the resin to less than two parts per million prior to use for calcium removal.

Abstract: A consistent high quality coke is produced by feeding a balancing stream comprising hydrocarbons to a delayed coking drum in addition to the heavy hydrocarbonaceous coker feedstock. The process of this invention reduces the contaminant content of coke by coking contaminant-containing residua and a reduced contaminant hydrocarbon balancing stream. Preferably, the balancing stream is a contaminant diluent, such as unreduced crude. The balancing stream may be a crude which is different from the base crude processed in the refinery crude tower and is preferably selected as a sulfur and/or metals diluent having a lower concentration of sulfur-containing or metal-containing compounds than the heavy coker feedstock.

Abstract: A process for disposing of filter media is provided, which process comprises (a) mixing a filter media with a hydrocarbonaeous mixing stream to form a media-hydrocarbon mixture and (b) feeding said media-hydrocarbon mixture to a coking vessel. Preferred coking vessels include delayed cokers, fluidized cokers, and coke calciners. An apparatus for disposing of filter media is provided, which apparatus comprises (a) a coking vessel; (b) a mixer to mix the filter media with a hydrocarbonaeous mixing fluid to form a media-hydrocarbonaeous fluid mixture; and, (c) a feed means to feed the media-hydrocarbonaeous fluid mixture to the coking vessel. Preferably, the apparatus comprises a size reduction means to reduce the size of the filter media to form a media staple comprising fiber clusters having a desired shape and size.

Abstract: A process for disposing of filter media is provided, which process comprises (a) mixing a filter media with a hydrocarbonaceous mixing stream to form a media-hydrocarbon mixture and (b) feeding said media-hydrocarbon mixture to a coking vessel. Preferred coking vessels include delayed cokers, fluidized cokers, and coke calciners. An apparatus for disposing of filter media is provided, which apparatus comprises (a) a coking vessel; (b) a mixer to mix the filter media with a hydrocarbonaeous mixing fluid to form a media- hydrocarbonaeous fluid mixture; and, (c) a feed means to feed the media-hydrocarbonaeous fluid mixture to the coking vessel. Preferably, the apparatus comprises a size reduction means to reduce the size of the filter media to form a media staple comprising fiber clusters having a desired shape and size.

Abstract: A method of feeding to a fractionator a feed mixture having a wide-boiling range vapor-liquid mixture is provided. Also, provided is a fractionator feed section adapted to receive a two phase feed mixture and has operational stability when fed a feed mixture which generates significant volume of vapor in the feed section.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating hydrocarbon gas containing carbonyl sulfide with hot aqueous absorbent at hydrolysis gas containing carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide to carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide and formation of hydrolysis product gas, and for cooling the hydrolysis product gas with cool absorbent at cooling temperature, comprising (a) a hydrolysis section, (b) a cooling section; (c) a chimney tray positioned between the cooling section and the hydrolysis section; (d) a heater to heat the absorbent to form hot aqueous absorbent at hydrolysis reaction temperature; and, (e) a cooler to cool the absorbent withdrawn from the hydrolysis section to cool absorbent at cooling temperature.

Abstract: A method of treating spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst is provided, which method comprises contacting the spent catalyst with a solution comprising a SCR catalyst metal salt, preferably a vanadium salt, and heating the catalyst contacted with the metal salt solution at a calcination temperature in the presence of oxygen. Preferably, after treatment with the metal salt solution, the catalyst is dried with air for at least about 10 seconds and heated to a temperature in the range of about 130.degree. F. to about 170.degree. F. for a period of about 30 minutes to about 90 minutes before heating to the calcination temperature.

Abstract: An improved method of reducing the concentration of carbonyl sulfide in a hydrocarbon gas containing carbonyl sulfide, which method comprises (a) feeding the hydrocarbon gas containing carbonyl sulfide to a hydrolysis section to contact the hydrocarbon gas with hot aqueous absorbent to heat the hydrocarbon gas to form hydrolysis section effluent absorbent and hydrolysis section effluent gas containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide and having a lower concentration of carbonyl sulfide than the hydrocarbon gas; (b) withdrawing and cooling the hydrolysis section effluent absorbent to form a cool aqueous absorbent; (c) cooling the hydrolysis section effluent gas in a cooling section by contacting the hydrolysis section effluent gas with the cool aqueous absorbent to form warm aqueous absorbent and a cooling section effluent gas containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide; (d) heating the warm aqueous absorbent to form hot aqueous absorbent; (e) feeding the hot aqueous absorbent to the hydrolysis section;

Abstract: An improved fractionating process is provided wherein a liquid stream is withdrawn from the separation zone of the fractionator, is cooled and is recycled to the fractionator at a location below the location of withdrawal of the liquid stream. An improved fractionator is provided which comprises a withdrawal point from which a liquid stream is withdrawn, a cooler to cool the withdrawn stream and a means for recycling the withdrawn stream to a point below the withdrawal point.

Abstract: A method of feeding to a fractionator a feed mixture comprising a wide-boiling range vapor-liquid mixture is provided. Also, provided is a fractionator feed section adapted to receive a two phase feed mixture. Furthermore, this invention provides a fractionator that has operational stability when fed a feed mixture which generates significant volume of vapor in the feed section. A feed nozzle (112) may introduce a mixed liquid and gas feed downwardly between converging baffles (102,104) into a mixing zone (110) above a seal pan (106), and trough means (114,116) may introduce liquid reflux to the mixing zone.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for raising, moving and lowering a massive coker chute cover are provided. One embodiment of the invention comprises engaging the cover with a lift plate, raising the lift plate, and, moving the lift plate, the course of the movement being in the arc of a circle, lowering the lift plate, and releasing the cover from the plate.

Abstract: An improved hydrocracking process, in a process for conversion of components of a heavy hydrocarbon feed to lighter, more valuable products, wherein the feed comprises foulant, the process comprising: (a.) contacting the feed with hydrogen, in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst, at an elevated temperature and pressure in a hydrocracker, to produce a hydrocracker effluent comprising foulant; (b.) cooling and depressurizing the hydrocracker effluent to form a cooled, depressurized hydrocracker effluent comprising foulant; (c.) separating the cooled, depressurized hydrocracker effluent into the products of the conversion and an unconverted portion of the hydrocracker effluent which comprises foulant; and (d.) recycling, as effluent recycle to the hydrocracker, the unconverted portion of the hydrocracker effluent to the hydrocracker, wherein the concentration of foulant in the hydrocracker effluent is increased; the improvement comprising: (i.

Abstract: Cohesive solids are fluidized in a chamber having a movable perforated wall through which the fluidizing gas flows by reciprocating the movable wall.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for loading particulate materials, in particular calcined coke, into a transport vehicle are disclosed, wherein the loading operation under steady state conditions is carried out in a "plugged chute" mode, so that a major portion of the loading chute is maintained in a filled condition with the particulate material being loaded. In this manner, the product drop height is maintained at an acceptably low level so as to reduce the velocity of the particulate material throughout the loading process below a damaging rate and thereby prevent significant degradation of the material. In a preferred embodiment, the major portion of the loading chute comprises a telescoping chute arrangement and level control means located above the major portion of the loading chute is employed to maintain the chute in the plugged or full condition by regulation of the discharge valve when the telescoping chute arrangement is fully extended.

Abstract: A method of reformulating a gasoline is provided to form a reformulated gasoline having as compared to the gasoline a reduction, upon burning and exhausting from a vehicle, of both hydrocarbon mass and reactivity of vehicle exhaust emissions and simultaneously a reduction of vehicle exhaust emissions of toxics, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, wherein said gasoline comprises a concentration of aromatic compounds, olefinic compounds, and sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds and may be characterized by a 90 percent distillation temperature, said method comprising (a) reducing said concentration of aromatic compounds; (b) reducing said concentration of olefinic compounds; (c) reducing said concentration of sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds; (d) reducing said 90 percent distillation temperature; and (e) adding an oxygenate. A reformulated gasoline formulated by use of such method is also provided.