Abstract: The present invention provides a DAC constructed from a series of floating gate devices which are programmable to a series of predetermined values. Addressing one or more of the programmed floating gate devices, will select from a wide variety of analog outputs. Reprogramming the floating gate devices, can provide a different variety of analog outputs. For example, the floating gate devices can be preprogrammed to a different range of outputs matching a range of perceptible signals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a DAC constructed from a series of floating gate devices which are programmable to a series of predetermined values. Addressing one or more of the programmed floating gate devices, will select from a wide variety of analog outputs. Reprogramming the floating gate devices, can provide a different variety of analog outputs. For example, the floating gate devices can be preprogrammed to a different range of outputs matching a range of perceptible signals.

Abstract: This invention is for directly modulating a beam of photons onto the retinas of patients who have extreme vision impairment or blindness. Its purpose is to supply enough imaging energy to retinal prosthetics implanted in the eye which operate essentially by having light (external to the eye) activating photoreceptors, or photo-electrical material. The invention provides sufficient light amplification and does it logarithmically. While it has sufficient output light power, the output light level still remains at a safe level. Most preferred embodiments of this invention provide balanced biphasic stimulation with no net charge injection into the eye. Both optical and electronic magnification for the image, as for example, using an optical zoom lens, is incorporated. Otherwise, it would not be feasible to zoom in on items of particular interest or necessity. Without proper adjustment, improper threshold amplitudes would obtain, as well as uncomfortable maximum thresholds.

Abstract: A microfluidic delivery system substrate is coated with ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) or with a thin ceramic film, such as alumina or zirconia, that is applied by ion-beam assisted deposition; assuring that the device is impermeably sealed, to prevent the substrate from being dissolved by hostile environments and to protect the molecules from premature release or undesired reaction with hostile environments. The UNCD coating may be selectively patterned by doping to create electrically conductive areas that can be used as an electrically activated release mechanism for drug delivery. The UNCD coating provides a conformal coating, of approximately uniform thickness, around sharp corners and on high aspect-ratio parts, assuring impermeability and strength despite the need to coat difficult shapes. The microfluidic delivery system is suitable for use as an iontophoresis device, for transport of molecule, having a substrate, a reservoir in the substrate for containing the molecules.