Abstract: A liquid electrostatic image developer is disclosed which forms self-fixing images on an electrostatic image-bearing surface which may be the image-forming surface. The developer comprises a plurality of particles composed of a compatible blend of at least one polyester resin and at least one polyester plasticizer. The plasticizer contains essentially no curable groups and is insoluble in the liquid carrier. Furthermore, images from certain preferred developers containing dispersed colorants are crack-resistant in addition to self-fixing.

Abstract: A two-component, dry electrostatic developer composition containing toner particles and coated-carrier particles is disclosed. The toner contains a binder polymer and a phosphonium, arsonium or stibonium charge-control agent dispersed in the toner binder. The carrier is coated with a fluoropolymer. The resulting developer exhibits reduced toner throw-off and other disclosed advantages.

Abstract: Electrophotographic elements are disclosed containing an photoconductor layer overlying, in sequence, an electrically conducting layer, a polyamide interlayer and a support. In preferred embodiments, the element additionally comprises an integral screen layer between the support and the polyamide interlayer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic method is disclosed for forming a black (or neutral) toner separation image and a color toner separation image from a single original without cross-contamination of black toner in the color separation image and vice versa. The method entails composing an original containing "false-color" information--other than black or neutral--corresponding to the black separation image desired and color information corresponding to the color separation image desired. The false-color and color information are selected to absorb actinic light in mutually exclusive wavelength regions of the spectrum. When the original is illuminated, for example, with light having wavelengths in the false-color absorption region only, a light pattern is formed and employed to expose a charged photoreceptor. The resulting electrostatic image is developed with black--or neutral--toner, thereby forming the black separation image.

Abstract: A method for developing an electrostatic latent image on a nonporous surface using a self-fixing liquid developer is described. The developer contains a volatile, electrically insulating carrier, and toner particles, dispersed in the carrier, containing a polymer binder which has a Tg within the range from about -10.degree. C. to 30.degree. C. Upon application of the developer to a latent image and evaporating the liquid carrier from the image, the toner particles fix to the surface without externally applied heat other than from ambient conditions.

Abstract: Electrically photosensitive materials comprising electrically photosensitive colorant particles dispersed in a liquefiable, electrically insulating carrier containing a binder polymer and electropolymerizable bisphenol-acrylate monomers or mixtures of such monomers are disclosed. The disclosed materials are employed in photoelectrophoretic processes wherein the colorant particles are caused to migrate by the action of light and an electric field, while the material is electrohardened by the electric field.

Abstract: Photoconductive compositions and elements comprising arylalkane photoconductors and pyrylium sensitizers are stabilized against adverse leuco base color shifts into the ultraviolet to blue spectral region by the incorporation of certain 1,4,5,8-naphthalene bis-dicarboximide compounds. The compositions and elements are particularly suited for electrophotographic image formation and thereafter for contact printing of the image onto sensitive material by ultraviolet or blue transmission through the composition or element.

Abstract: A method for amplifying an electrostatic, charge-differential pattern is disclosed. The method comprises (a) imagewise forming a first toner deposit by developing a first electrostatic pattern having a first charge differential per unit area whose maximum value is no greater than a preselected level, (b) in an image-amplification element comprising a charge-holding surface layer overlying a field-supporting electrode, forming a current-carrying path between the toner deposit and the field-supporting electrode, (c) under conditions in which nontoned regions are not photoexcited, overall charging the image-amplification element with sufficient charge to form an enhanced electrostatic charge pattern having a second charge differential per unit area whose maximum value is greater than the preselected value in step (a), and (d) developing the enhanced charge pattern into a second toner deposit.

Abstract: Electrically photosensitive complex cyanine colorant compounds, each comprising two merocyanine moieties joined by a cyanine moiety, are useful in electrically photosensitive materials for photoelectrophoretic (PEP) imaging processes. These compounds are symmetric or asymmetric and contain the structure: ##STR1## wherein: m and n, which are the same or different, are 0, 1 or 2;t and u, which are the same or different, are 0 or 1;p is 0, 1 or 2;R.sup.1 and R.sup.11, which are the same or different, represent an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group or, when taken together and p is zero, are a one- or two-carbon alkylene bridge;R.sup.2 and R.sup.22, which are the same or different, represent an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group;R.sup.3 and R.sup.33, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen or an alkyl group;R.sup.4 and R.sup.44, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen or an alkyl group;R.sup.4, which when taken together with R.sup.

Abstract: Polymeric photoconductors are disclosed comprising a condensation polymer backbone containing, as repeating units, the condensation residues of (1) a diacid, and (2) an organic difunctional compound capable of undergoing condensation polymerization with said diacid, and an arylamine photoconductor group appended to at least one of said diacid or said organic difunctional compound residues.A preferred polymeric photoconductor is ionic and comprises a condensation copolymer containing, in addition to the above described repeating units, the condensation residue of a second diacid containing an anionic iminodisulfonyl or sulfo group. In certain embodiments, the ionic arylamine-containing polymers are water-dispersible copolyesters.The polymeric photoconductors described are useful in photoconductive compositions and elements. Electrophotographic processes employing such elements are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for improving the sensitometric response of a persistently conductive photoreceptor is disclosed. This method involves charging and exposing the photoreceptor to form a latent electrostatic image and thereafter, within the period of persistence, recharging the photoreceptor to the same polarity and developing the latent electrostatic image.

Abstract: Photoconductive compositions comprising photoconductors and 1,4,5,8-naphthalene bis-dicarboximide sensitizing compounds are disclosed. Compositions and elements containing such compounds are sensitized to radiation below 400 nm. Embodiments are disclosed in which the photoconductor is an arylalkane leuco base. Such embodiments are advantageously nonsensitive to radiation above 400 nm and are also nonpersistent.

Abstract: Protonic acid-free photoconductive compositions and elements comprising a photoconductor and, as a sensitizer, a 4-tertiaryaminobenzo?b!pyrylium salt or a 4-tertiaryaminobenzo?b!thiopyrylium salt. The resulting compositions and elements exhibit low persistent conductivity.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrically photosensitive polymers in which recurring units contain vinylene-1,4-phenylene-imino-1,4-phenylene-vinylenearylene groups included in the polymer backbone. In one embodiment, the disclosed polymers are employed as the principal electrically photosensitive constituent in migration imaging dispersions and elements. In another embodiment, the polymers are employed as sensitizers for electrically photosensitive colorants having spectral absorption peaks in the 400-500 nm wavelength region of the spectrum. The polymers are employed in migration imaging dispersions and elements.

Abstract: Polymeric photoconductors are disclosed comprising a condensation polymer backbone containing, as repeating units, the condensation residues of (1) a diacid, and (2) an organic difunctional compound capable of undergoing condensation polymerization with said diacid, and an arylamine photoconductor group appended to at least one of said diacid or said organic difunctional compound residues.A preferred polymeric photoconductor is ionic and comprises a condensation copolymer containing, in addition to the above described repeating units, the condensation residue of a second diacid containing an anionic iminodisulfonyl or sulfo group. In certain embodiments, the ionic arylamine-containing polymers are water-dispersible copolyesters.The polymeric photoconductors described are useful in photoconductive compositions and elements. Electrophotographic processes employing such elements are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a novel electrographic copying method and apparatus, a latent electrostatic image is formed on an insulating layer of an electrophotographic element and, before, during or after the formation of the latent electrostatic image, there is created a plurality of charge islands, such as by an exposure through a screen. These charge islands are distinct and in addition to any charge islands which result from the image-forming step. After establishment of the charge islands and the latent electrostatic image, the resulting charge pattern is developed with a developer which either is at least partially conductive, i.e., has a maximum resistance of about 10.sup.9 ohms, or is rendered so by the phenomenon of electrical breakdown.

Abstract: Novel phthalocyanine pigments having the structure: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 represents ##STR2## n represents 1, 2, 3 or any combination of 1, 2 and 3. R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent alkyl, alkylaryl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or aryloxy;R.sub.6 represents hydrogen or chlorine andAlPc represents ##STR3## are useful in electrographic developers and photoelectrophoretic imaging materials and processes.

Abstract: Novel polyesters comprising repeating units from:(a) a diacid derived component comprising a group selected from the class consisting of an alkali metal or ammonium -sulfoarylene, -sulfoaryloxyarylene, -sulfocycloalkylene, -iminodisulfonylarylene, -iminobis(sulfonylarylene) or -sulfoaralkylarylene; and(b) a diol or diacid derived component comprising a group selected from the class consisting of bis(N-alkyl-N-alkyleneaminoaryl)arylalkane; bis(N-alkyl-N-alkyleneaminoaryl)diarylalkane; bis(N-alkyl-N-alkyleneaminoaryl)isoalkane; bis(N-alkyl-N-alkyleneaminoaryl)cycloalkane; dialkyleneaminotetraarylalkane; bis(alkylenearyl)arylamine and alkylenetriarylamine;are useful in electrically photosensitive composite particles, materials, layers and photoelectrophoretic imaging methods.

Abstract: A plurality of aggregate photoconductive particles having a predominant particle size of less than about 1.0 micron are disclosed. Such particles are useful in heterogeneous photoconductive compositions, electrophotographic elements and electrophotographic imaging processes.

Abstract: Sensitizers for photoconductive compositions and elements are disclosed. The sensitizers are 2,4,6 tri substituted pyrylium dye salts wherein at least one of said substituents is a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring having at least one atom selected from the group consisting of N, O and S.