Abstract: A phone card vending machine has a secure, locking cabinet; a card dispenser; a bill acceptor or similar cash acceptor; a printer for printing slip receipts containing an activated PIN; and a controller board within the cabinet and connected to the dispenser, printer, and cash acceptor. The card dispenser contains a supply of zero-value telephone cards. The controller board has a PIN memory that stores PIN numbers for each of several amounts of long distance calling time. The customer purchases a card by inserting paper currency or coins, and making a selection from a keypad on the cabinet. The customer can select from eight (or more) different values, and then presses a select button to dispense the card. At the time the card is dispensed, the printer also prints and dispenses a paper receipt that shows the purchase price, including any relevant taxes, the amount of long distance service time purchased, and the PIN number.

Abstract: An escrow vending machine has a secure, locking cabinet; a dispenser for cards or other merchandise; a bill acceptor, coin acceptor or similar cash acceptor; and a controller board within the cabinet and connected to the dispenser and to the cash acceptor. The dispenser contains a supply of prepaid telephone cards or other merchandise, and dispenses them one at a time in response to a control signal. The cash acceptor accepts and registers units of cash, e.g., dollars, and generates a pulse or other signal for each unit accepted. The controller board has an input that receives the cash signal from the cash acceptor and an output supplying the control signal to the dispenser. An escrow counter or register accumulates an escrow count of the pulses or cash signals. This enables the controller board to supply the control signal when the count in the escrow register equals or exceeds a preset number that represents a price or value.

Abstract: A plating cell adapted for electro-less plating of articles, for example, semiconductor wafers contained in a carrier or "boat", incorporates a megasonic transducer in the plating cell and a rotational drive supporting the wafer carrier in the plating cell. The megasonic transducer applies acoustic energy at megasonic frequencies to the solution in the cell during a plating operation, and the carrier is rotated at a suitable speed, e.g., 45 to 60 r.p.m. A rapid drain is provided to remove the solution from the cell quickly at the end of a plating operation, and a pair of spray tubes with a series of spray nozzles rinses the wafers with de-ionized water. Spargers at the base of the cell inject the plating solution, which proceeds generally upwards in a laminar flow, and spills over a spillway at the top of the plating tank. The spillway comprises a series of triangular teeth which avoid waves or turbulence.

Abstract: Arrangement for interrogating multiple switch conditions employs a single input microprocessor for a plurality of switch elements that are coupled in series with an operating element and a power source. A variable oscillator has a control input and an output coupled to the microprocessor input, providing a periodic signal to the same. A plurality of impedance elements, e.g., resistors, each with a respective value, are coupled between a respective junction between two successive switch elements and the control input of said variable oscillator, such that the rate of said periodic signal varies as a function of the open or closed condition of the respective switch elements. For each switch being tested, the microprocessor looks for one predetermined frequency or pulse rate corresponding to an open condition and another corresponding to a closed condition.

Abstract: A refrigerated open display case achieves a laminar flow of chilled air over flowers or produce displayed therein, and establishes a laminar flow boundary layer with the warmer ambient air. There is an array of perforations serving as chilled air supply openings on each of the vertical riser walls, so that the chilled air is discharged in a laminar flow. A return air intake grille extends across the cabinet below the front of the lowermost shelf, in an undercut transverse recess. The front part of the lowermost shelf member can have a chamfer or downward slope, so that debris that falls on it drops to the floor in the front of the cabinet, where it can be routinely swept up. The recess below this chamfer can likewise have a slanting lower wall. Inside the cabinet, the coldest air leaving the evaporator coil passes in contact with the underside of the shelf members, so these shelf members are also kept chilled.

Abstract: A fuzzy logic control arrangement is provided for an impedance match network of the type that is typically employed between a source of RF power at a given impedance, e.g., 50 ohms, and a non-linear load whose impedance can vary in magnitude and phase, e.g., an RF plasma. The fuzzy logic controller fuzzifies the phase and the magnitude error signals. The error signals are applied to a fuzzy logic inference function based on a number of fuzzy sets. The values of the error signals enjoy some degree of membership in one or more fuzzy sets. Fuzzy logic rules are applied to the phase and magnitude error signals. In a defuzzification stage, drive signal values are obtained for moving the tuning elements of the variable impedances. The drive signal values are weighted according to respective fuzzy inference functions for which the error signals enjoy membership. Then the weighted drive signal values are combined to produce output drive signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for grinding specimens, comprises a container, a grinder, a closure for the container, and a seal contained in the closure. The container has an interior grinding surface and contains an opening through which specimens are introduced for grinding. The grinder has a grinding head and an actuator arm extending from the grinding head. The grinding head is adapted to engage the interior grinding surface of the container. Grinding is effected by moving the grinding head against the grinding surface, using the actuator arm. The closure is adapted to close the container and enclose the grinding head therein. The closure contains a passage through which the actuator arm extends when the closure is enclosing the grinding head. The seal is contained in the closure and coaxially aligned with the passage of the closure, such that the actuator arm slidably engages the seal when the arm passes through the closure.

Abstract: An ultra high sensitive on-line water monitor is disclosed. The on-line water monitor can determine the concentration of a wide range of inorganic contaminants in water at parts per trillion level in real time. The list of inorganic elements detectable by the instrument is as follows: Be, Mg, Ca, Th, V, Ti, Cr, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Pb, Sb, Bi, Hg, and other elements which are suitable for detection and assaying with spectrophotometric (also known as colorimetric) technique. The on-line water monitor described herein surpasses the currently available analytical instruments (such as inductively coupled mass spectrometers (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectrometers, and atomic emission spectrometers) in a number of factors: cost, on-line operation, speed, ease of automation, low power requirements, sensitivity, and selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with apparatus and methods for packing and handling articles of produce and the like. The apparatus includes a uniquely designed produce basket and rack combination. The basket comprises a framework containing a basket opening. A flange is detachably attached to the framework and surrounds the basket opening. A pair of lugs extend out from the flange, and function as handles for carrying the basket or for pulling the flange to detach it from the basket framework. An air-permeable barrier is heat sealed to the flange to create a closure to the basket opening. The closure is first opened by detaching at least a portion of the basket flange from the framework and is closed by pulling the detached flange portion down around the opening of the framework and engaging a spur. The rack comprises a rack framework which includes a top end containing a plurality of rack openings.

Abstract: An injection shield for protecting a person's hand during the injection of a needle into a rodent's tail. The shield comprises a frame which includes a coupler for a rodent restrainer, and contains an opening for a rodent's tail. The frame includes an injection surface on an injection side of the frame. The coupler is adapted to receive and releasably secure the restrainer in an orientation that permits the tail to be placed on the injection surface of the frame. The opening is dimensioned to allow the tail to pass through the frame, from the injection side to a shielded side. The opening is a sufficient distance from the coupler to allow the tail to extend through the opening and be grasped by the person's hand or otherwise secured. A method of protecting a person's hand during the injection of a needle into a rodent's tail is also contemplated by the present invention.

Abstract: An x-ray or gamma ray image that is produced as an array of pixels is treated for reduction or elimination of white spot noise. Two or more successive images in registry are produced and the pixel values at each pixel location are inspected for the respective images. The pixel values are considered according to rank, e.g. from dark to bright, and the lowest ranking pixel value is selected for each pixel location. This creates an output image that is substantially free of the spot noise that results from direct impingement of the x-ray photons on the imaging device. This technique is especially useful in portal imaging for radiation therapy, dental imaging, or industrial imaging.