Abstract: A linear internal combustion engine is disclosed having a cylinder defining an intake port proximate a first end thereof and an exhaust port proximate a second end thereof. First and second pistons insert into opposite ends of the cylinder. Each piston is coupled to an actuator/generator, such as a linear switched reluctance motor. The actuator/generators are coupled to a control unit which controls the actuator/generators and extracts energy therefrom. The control unit causes the actuators to move the pistons through a fluid handling process, such as pumping, compression, or a four cycle combustion process coupled with a recovery phase. The pistons are positioned over the intake and output ports to seal them off at proper times during the fluid handling process.

Abstract: Planar AWG circuits and systems are disclosed that use air trench bends and shared MMI slabs to increase planar circuit compactness.

Abstract: A system for storing cylindrical containers includes multiple container guides positioned parallel to each other. In one embodiment, each container guide includes upper and lower track rails including left and right bearing surfaces and a track separator. The track rails guide containers placed on either side of the rails from a receiving area on the upper track to a dispensing area on the lower track. The lower track may include a concave depression proximate to the dispensing area that retains a first container at a lower relative position, thus enabling the first container to act as a stopping mechanism to subsequent containers placed in the system. The system may also include a frame that receives and supports the container guides and thereby provides one or more storage shelves capable of storing containers such as cans on a first-in first-out basis in a compact manner.

Abstract: An interferometric switched beam radar apparatus and method are disclosed. In one embodiment, a selected antenna of a planar array of beam forming antennas is activated with a substantially continuous frequency modulated transmit signal and a return signal is received from at least two return antennas that have a known offset distance relative to each other. Phase information is extracted from each return signal and used to present information regarding an operating environment to a user. Each beam forming antenna within the array may correspond to a particular viewing angle within the operating environment.

Abstract: A custom gauge ordering apparatus facilitates selecting options related to a gauge panel, previewing the selected options under daylight or nighttime conditions, and submitting orders for a gauge panel with the selected options. The order may be automatically received by an order fulfillment system and used to direct or control manufacture of the custom gauge panel. In another aspect of the invention, a custom gauge panel includes a user-selected design printed on a translucent medium that is bonded to an electro-luminescent substrate. In one embodiment, the custom gauge panel also includes substantially transparent layer that stiffens and protects the translucent medium and user-selected design printed thereon during manufacture, installation, and use. The simplicity of the custom panel reduces the material and labor costs associated with producing a custom gauge panel.

Abstract: A micromechanical device may include one or more piezoresistive elements whose electrical resistance changes in response to externally or internally induced strain. The present invention leverages the piezoresistive properties of such devices to sense the positional state of the device. A sensing circuit may be integrated into the device that senses an electrical resistance of at least a portion of the micromechanical device and provides information regarding the positional state of the micromechanical device. The micromechanical device may be a compliant device that includes relatively flexible members such as mechanical beams or ribbons. The positional states may be continuous positional states (such as the position of an actuator) or discreet positional states (such as the positional state of a bistable memory device). In certain embodiments, the micromechanical device is a threshold detector that latches to a particular stable configuration when an applied force exceeds a selected value.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for managing policies on a computer having a foreign operating system. Policies may specify hardware or software configuration information. Policies on a first computer with a native operating system are translated into configuration information usable on a second computer having a foreign operating system. In an embodiment, a translator manager manages the association between the policy on the first computer and the translator on the second computer. Computer management complexity and information technology management costs are reduced by centralizing computer management on the native operating system. Further reductions in management complexity are realized when the present invention is used in conjunction with network directory services.

Abstract: A micromechanical device may include one or more piezoresistive elements whose electrical resistance changes in response to externally or internally induced strain. The present invention leverages the piezoresistive properties of such devices to sense the positional state of the device. A sensing circuit may be integrated into the device that senses an electrical resistance of at least a portion of the micromechanical device and provides information regarding the positional state of the micromechanical device. The micromechanical device may be a compliant device that includes relatively flexible members such as mechanical beams or ribbons. The positional states may be continuous positional states (such as the position of an actuator) or discreet positional states (such as the positional state of a bistable memory device). In certain embodiments, the micromechanical device is a threshold detector that latches to a particular stable configuration when an applied force exceeds a selected value.

Abstract: A lightweight tool for applying compound to drywall and like surfaces is achieved by using closed-cell foam to form an application layer secured to a stiff plate. A handle secures to the stiff plate to facilitate use. An application layer made of closed cell foam of substantially uniform thickness nonetheless provides a lower surface having contoured perimeter portions by conforming to a plate having upwardly sloping perimeter regions. In an alternative embodiment, perimeter portions of an upper surface of an application layer are formed to be downward sloping. The upper surface of the application layer may be secured to the lower surface of a plate. The downward sloping portions may be deformed upwardly to be flush with the plate, creating corresponding upwardly sloping portions on the lower surface of the application layer. In yet another embodiment, the application layer is formed or machined to have an upwardly sloping perimeter portion.

Abstract: In contrast to prior are solutions that conduct an averaging operation to estimate metrics related to a communications channel such as a signal-to-noise ratio, the present invention selects a particular value such as a minimum, maximum, or median value from a distribution of values collected over a selected interval. Selecting a particular value from the distribution of values facilitates a more accurate characterization process and increased data throughput. To reduce the processing burden associated with selecting a particular value, the present invention provides a set of cascaded value selection queues that each selects a particular value from the queued values such as a minimum value. The cascaded queues are also successively sub-sampled to reduce the computing resources required to characterize the communications channel. The estimated metrics resulting from the above-described process may be used to adjust the data encoding process and increase data throughput on the communications channel.

Abstract: A layered test pattern for measuring registration and critical dimension (CD) for multi-layer semiconductor integrated circuits is disclosed. A first layer includes a first pattern having vertical and horizontal portions. A second layer is formed over the first layer and includes a second pattern having vertical and horizontal portions having nominal vertical and horizontal phase shifts with respect to the vertical and horizontal portions, respectively, of the first pattern. The vertical and horizontal portions include periodically repeating vertical lines and horizontal lines, respectively. The nominal phase shifts may be half of the period of the vertical and horizontal lines. A scatterometry tool measures the width of the lines and the phase shift of the first pattern relative to the second pattern. The width of the lines corresponds to CD, whereas the difference between the measured phase shift and the nominal phase shift indicates variation in registration.

Abstract: Planar AWG circuits and systems are disclosed that use air trench bends to increase planar circuit compactness.

Abstract: An input signal comprising electronic carriers is injected into an impact ionization device with a high electric field whereupon the electronic carriers are accelerated toward an electron collector or hole sink and subsequently ionize additional electrons and holes that accelerated toward the electron collector and hole sink respectively. When properly biased an avalanche effect may occur that is proportional to the current injected into the impact ionization device via the input electrode. As a result, the input signal is amplified to provide an amplified signal. The described amplifier may be integrated with an input device such as a photodiode, and a transimpedance output amplifier onto a common substrate resulting in high performance high density sensor arrays and the like.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communicating an optimal gear shift time is disclosed. The apparatus includes an input circuit that obtains a plurality RPM readings over a selected interval of time, a processing module that determines an RPM acceleration based upon the plurality of RPM readings, the processing module also determines an appropriate shift time based upon the RPM acceleration and estimated shift reaction time, and a shift indicator that communicates the appropriate shift time. In certain embodiments, the appropriate shift time includes shifting within a range of maximum engine power. In some embodiments, the shift indicator comprises a shift indicator light or an audible signal generator.

Abstract: Atomic music segments are visually and sonically rendered within a browser window as directed by a set of interface controls thus providing the ability to directly control various performance parameters while also communicating the intentions of the composer and arranger in a manner similar to traditional sheet music. In certain embodiments, individual voices may be selectively displayed, muted, or attenuated in order to focus a practice session or performance on particular parts. In one embodiment, atomic music segments and their associated lyrics are sequentially highlighted as the music progresses, providing a convenient means for reviewing or practicing music. Each atomic music segment may include one or more notes that have a substantially common onset time, thus providing an essentially indivisible unit of music convenient for user interaction and control.

Abstract: A layered test pattern for measuring registration and critical dimension (CD) for multi-layer semiconductor integrated circuits is disclosed. A first layer includes a first pattern having vertical and horizontal portions. A second layer is formed over the first layer and includes a second pattern having vertical and horizontal portions having nominal vertical and horizontal phase shifts with respect to the vertical and horizontal portions, respectively, of the first pattern. The vertical and horizontal portions include periodically repeating vertical lines and horizontal lines, respectively. The nominal phase shifts may be half of the period of the vertical and horizontal lines. A scatterometry tool measures the width of the lines and the phase shift of the first pattern relative to the second pattern. The width of the lines corresponds to CD, whereas the difference between the measured phase shift and the nominal phase shift indicates variation in registration.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for environmental stabilization of a body of water. A body of water is stabilized by extracting water from a higher elevation body of water at a downhill flow rate, receiving the water at lower elevation body of water, and extracting water from the lower elevation body of water to a higher elevation body of water or the like at an uphill flow rate. In certain embodiments, the invention may also include extracting energy from the downhill flow rate and using at least a portion of the energy to generate an uphill flow rate. The system and method may also include temporarily adjusting the downhill and uphill flow rates in preparation for a high demand interval.