Abstract: The novel polymers of the present invention are prepared by reacting a heterocyclic nitrogen compound containing at least one --N(H)-- group in the ring, an aldehyde N-containing polymer adduct (e.g., an ashless nitrogen-containing dispersant or polyolefin-substituted amine) to form an oil soluble Mannich base derivative useful as dispersant, antiwear and antioxidant additive in oleaginous compositions such as lubricating oils and fuels. Preferred heterocyclic nitrogen compounds are azoles such as benzotriazoles and alkyl-substituted benzotriazoles. The polyolefin-substituted amine can comprises the reaction product of a polyamine and halogenated long chain hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A liquid hydrocarbon particularly fuel oil containing an amine-salt having the formula ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or a hydrogen - and carbon-containing group;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or hydrogen - and carbon containing groups containing at least 12 carbon atom;R.sup.5 is a hyrdrogen-and carbon-containing group containing at least 12 carbon atoms;X is --OR.sup.6, NR.sup.7 R.sup.8 or [--O].sup.-+ [NHR.sup.9 R.sup.10 R.sup.11 ] and Y is --OR.sup.12, NR.sup.13 R.sup.14 or [--O].sup.-+ [NHR.sup.15 R.sup.16 R.sup.17 ]where R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.13, R.sup.14, R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are hydrogen or hydrogen and carbon containing groups, and R.sup.11 and R.sup.17 are hydrogen - and carbon containing groups; provided that R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 cannot all be alkyl groups.

Abstract: Sediment and color formation in distillate fuels are reduced by the addition of a quaternary ammonium compound comprising a cation in which the ratio of carbon atoms to quaternary nitrogen atoms is not more than 10:1 and an anion which is derived from an acid which is a carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, phenol, sulphurized phenol or sulphonic acid.

Abstract: A blend of from 10 to 90 parts by weight of a basic calcium sulphonate free of calcium carbonate in the calcite form and from 90 to 10 parts by weight of a terpolymer of 80 to 99 wt.% of an olefin containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 1 to 30 wt.% of an unsaturated ester which is a vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid or an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid and 1 to 20 wt.% of an unsaturated carboxylic acid is particularly useful for car undercoatings for corrosion and chip resistance which may be applied as high solids coatings.

Abstract: A two-cycle oil additive composition and concentrate having improved detergency, lubricity and antiwear properties which more effectively controls deposits related to ring sticking comprising A) at least one dispersant prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid acylating agent with a polyalkylene polyamine and optionally a high molecular weight acylating agent; B) a second dispersant which is a succinimide such as prepared by acylating a polyalkylene polyamine with polyisobutylene succinic anhydride; and C) at least one polyolefin; at least one of the dispersants being a borated dispersant and which further optionally comprise at least one of the following: D) a sulfurized alkylphenol; and E) a phosphorous-containing antiwear agent.

Abstract: The cold flow properties of distillate petroleum fuel are improved by adding a polymer or copolymer containing at least 25 wt. % of an n-alkyl ester of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 alkyl group, e.g., methyl, R.sub.4 is COOR.sub.3, hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group preferably COOR.sub.3 and R.sub.3 has an average number of carbon atoms from 12 to 20 and contains a methyl branch at the 1 and/or 2 position.

Abstract: There are disclosed macrocyclic and polycyclic polyamine lubricating oil additives formed by cyclodehydration of reaction products of hydrocarbon substituted succinic anhydrides or carboxylic acids with poly 3-amino propyl compounds or by acylation of macrocyclic polyamines and polycyclic polyamines with hydrocarbon substituted succinic anhydride or carboxylic acids. These compounds are useful as dispersants and dispersants-V.I. improvers in both gasoline and diesel engine lubricating oil compositions and are also useful fuel additives.

Abstract: A composition of matter useful as an oleaginous composition dispersant additive comprising the reaction product of:(1) at least one nitrogen or ester containing adduct selected from the group consisting of (i) oil soluble salts, amides, imides, oxazolines, esters, or mixtures thereof of long chain hydrocarbyl substituted mono and dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, (ii) long chain hydrocarbyl having a polyamine attached directly thereto, and (iii) Mannich condensation product formed by condensing long chain hydrocarbyl substituted hydroxy aromatic compound with an aldehyde and polyamine, said adduct containing at least one reactive group selected from reactive amino groups and reactive hydroxyl groups; and(2) at least one polyanhydride.Also disclosed are oleaginous compositions, particularly lubricating oil compositions, containing said reaction product.

Abstract: A two-cycle oil dispersant additive which substantially avoids the formation of gelled agglomerates at low temperatures and which correspondingly provides effective engine cleanliness, detergency, lubricity and wear inhibition comprising: a dispersant (I) which is a nitrogen-containing compound prepared by reacting (A) at least one polyalkylene polyamine and (B) at least one monocarboxylic acid acylating agent, and optionally (C) at least one high molecular weight substituted carboxylic acid acylating agent; and (II) at least one wax crystal modifier which is a "comb" type copolymer of a mono or dialkyl ester of a monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 mono or dicarboxylic acid or anhydride wherein the number of carbon atoms in the n-alkyl groups is 14.

Abstract: Essentially linear alkyl aromatics wherein the alkyl is attached to the aromatic ring at the .beta.-position are produced by the process wherein a linear hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of linear .alpha.-olefins, linear .alpha.-substituted alkyl halides or linear .alpha.-substituted alkyl alcohol or mixtures of such olefins, halides or alcohols are reacted with an aromatic compound in the presence of an aprotic-polar cosolvent.

Abstract: Additives for improving the low temperature flow properties and oxidative stability of hydrocarbon oils are disclosed, which comprise the alkylation of a phenol in the presence of a dipolar aprotic cosolvent to produce an essentially linear alkylated phenol which is condensated with a sulphurizing agent to produce the low temperature flow improver wherein:(a) the polymer composition has a number average molecular weight of at least about 3,000 and a molecular weight distribution of at least about 1.5;(b) in the alkylated phenol reactant the alkyl groups (i) are essentially linear; (ii) have between 6 and 50 carbon atoms; and (iii) have an average number of carbon atoms between about 12 and 26; and(c) not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have less than 12 carbon atoms and not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have more than 26 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Additives for improving the low temperature flow properties and oxidative stability of hydrocarbon oils are disclosed, which comprise the condensation reaction product of alkylated phenol and sulfurizing agent, wherein:(a) the polymer composition has a number average molecular weight of at least about 3,000 and a molecular weight distribution of at least about 1.5;(b) in the alkylated phenol reactant the alkyl groups (i) are essentially linear; (ii) have between 6 and 50 carbon atoms; and (iii) have an average number of carbon atoms between about 12 and 26; and(c) not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have less than 12 carbon atoms and not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have more than 26 carbon atoms. The additives may also be produced in a branched backbone form in which monomer reactants are compolymerized with certain tri- or tetrafunctional comonomers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-cycle oil additive, compositions and concentrates containing said two-cycle oil additive and methods of preparing and using the two-cycle oil additive which comprises the reaction product of (A) at least one high molecular weight acylating agent (B) at least one polyalkylenpolyamine and (C) at least one monocarboxylic second acylating agent, wherein the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid acylating agent to the high molecular weight acylating agent is at least 3:1 and wherein the tertiary amine to total amine ratio of the reaction product is at least 0.7:1. The two-cycle oil additive of the invention are dispersant additives which will improve engine cleanliness and which will substantially avoid the formation of insoluble gel agglomerants at low temperatures which can adversely affect engine performance.

Abstract: The reaction cycle time for the copolymerization of unsaturated esters such as alkyl fumarates and vinyl acetate, and for the polymerization of methacrylates and acrylates may be dramatically reduced by carrying out the polymerization at elevated temperatures and pressures. An additional feature is the addition of initiator during polymerization which leads to improved products especially for lubricating oil pour depressants and fuel and crude oil flow improvers.

Abstract: There are disclosed macrocyclic and polycyclic polyamide lubricating oil additives formed by cyclodehydration of reaction products of hydrocarbon substituted succinic anhydrides or carboxylic acids with poly 3-amino propyl compounds or by acylation of macrocyclic polyamines and polycyclic polyamines with hydrocarbon substituted succinic anhydride or carboxylic acids. These compounds are useful as dispersants and dispersants-V.I. improvers in both gasoline and diesel engine lubricating oil compositions and are also useful fuel additives.

Abstract: Sediment and color formation in diesel and heating fuel oils, especially those comprising a cracked fraction, may be reduced by incorporating in the fuel oil a guanidinium or substituted guanidinium salt.

Abstract: Additives of improving the low temperature flow properties and oxidative stability of hydrocarbon oils are disclosed, which comprise the alkylation of a phenol in the presence of a polar aprotic cosolvent to produce an essentially linear alkylated phenol which is condensed with an aldehyde to produce the low temperature flow improver wherein:(a) the polymer composition has a number average molecular weight of at least about 3,000 and a molecular weight distribution of at least about 1.5;(b) in the alkylated phenol reactant the alkyl groups (i) are essentially linear; (ii) have between 6 and 50 carbon atoms; and (iii) have an average number of carbon atoms between about 12 and 26; and(c) not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have less than 12 carbon atoms and not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have more than 26 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A test device for assessing low temperature performance of a wax-containing fuel which compriss: a vessel for containing a fuel to be assessed, having cooling and heating elements, for cooling and heating the fuel in the vessel and a filter element wherein the fuel is caused to pass through the filter of the filter element and the cooling and heating elements are so arranged that a stable convection current is set up in the fuel and the filter is so positioned that it receives wax settling from the fuel.

Abstract: Thio-bis-(hydrocarbyl substituted diacid materials), such as thio-bis-(polyalkyl lactone acid) and/or their precursors, the adducts of sulfur chloride and unsaturated diacid materials, e.g., 4,8-bis-polyalkyl-4,8-dichloro-6-thiaundecane-1,2,10,11-tetracarboxylic acid bis-anhydride and their dehydrochlorinated analogs, when esterified with an alcohol, preferably a polyol, such as pentaerythritol, polypentaerythritol or a polyalkylene glycol with or without acid catalysts and/or metal template reagents yield thio-bis-(alkyl lactone acid esters) and thio-bis-(hydrocarbyl diacid esters) which can be characterized in part, as macrocyclic and/or macrocyclic-like structures, are useful as stable additives in lubricating compositions, e.g. as varnish inhibiting dispersants for lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: Additives for improving the low temperature flow properties of hydrocarbon oils are disclosed, which comprise the condensation reaction product of alkylated phenol and aldehyde, wherein:(a) the polymer composition has a number average molecular weight of at least about 3,000 and a molecular weight distribution of at least about 1.5;(b) in the alkylated phenol reactant the alkyl groups (i) are essentially linear; (ii) have between 6 and 50 carbon atoms; and (iii) have an average number of carbon atoms between about 12 and 26; and(c) not more than about 10 mole % of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have less than 12 carbon atoms and not more than about 10 mole % of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have more than 26 carbon atoms. The additives may also be sulfurized, or produced in a branched backbone form in which monomer reactants are copolymerized with certain tri- or tetrafunctional comonomers.