Abstract: A sandshell umbrella is selectively collapsible and foldable so as to form in an erect position a generally sandshell-shaped shelter which is supported by struts at any desired height. The sandshell side walls are formed by a sheet of material which is relatively flexible and is supported by S-shaped struts formed generally of two similarly shaped and sized curved members, which are attached by a foldable joint so that the overall structure can be folded. An upper cross bar separates the two pairs of S-shaped struts at a top portion at an end of each of the S-shaped struts, and a lower cross bar separates the bottom ends of the S-shaped struts; the upper bar being generally shorter than the lower cross bar. Also, a cross support is disposed intermediate the upper and lower cross bars, so as to support the S-shaped strut members at their mid-sections. Each of the cross bars and the cross support member are foldable about a middle portion thereof.

Abstract: A method for taking and collecting sample material. A sampler is used which consists entirely, or at least at its surface or contact area, of a plastic material which is soluble in water. The sampler, after wetting and hence superficial dissolution, is brought into contact with the surface to be examined. The sample material sticks to the plastic. The sampler is removed and dissolved, whereby the sample material is collected.

Abstract: Malonic acid dinitrile is prepared by reacting acetonitrile and cyanogen chloride in the gaseous phase at temperatures from 740.degree. to 780.degree. C. Temperatures from 750.degree. to 760.degree. C. with molar ratios of 1:1 to 1:5 of cyanogen chloride to acetonitrile are preferred. The crude mixture containing malonic acid dinitrile may be purified by conversion of the principal impurities to easily separable compounds by a Diels-Alder or selective hydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: A method for preparing dried flaked textured high vegetable protein which instantly hydrates a portion content of 30 percent or more, and has an improved flavor. The process includes texturizing vegetable protein material by subjecting such vegetable protein material containing moisture to a pressure of at least 1,800 pounds per square inch for a time and at a temperature sufficient to convert said moisture into steam whereby such vegetable protein material is partially disembittered, toasted without scorching and is compacted into a hard and substantially fused mass having textured characteristics. The fused mass is fragmented into particles. The textured vegetable protein material is sized so that the retained portion of the textured vegetable protein material has a particle size between one inch and 0.0469 inch.

Abstract: The process for the production of a mixed-oxide oxidation catalyst which, based on the vanadium and pentavalent phosphorus, has an atomic ratio of phosphorus to vanadium between 1.05 to 1 and 1.10 to 1. The process involves reacting a salt of tetravalent vanadium, dissolved in a non-oxidizing acid aqueous solution, with orthophosphoric acid. The resultant soluble vanadium salt complex, after concentrating the solution is precipitated by adding water. The precipitate is dried. The dried precipitate is put or formed into the desired form. The formed, dried precipitate is subjected to a heat treatment of at least 300.degree. C. A mixed-oxide oxidation catalyst is obtained.

Abstract: The process for the production of a mixed-oxide oxidation catalyst which, based on the vanadium and pentavalent phosphorus, has an atomic ratio of phosphorus to vanadium between 1.05 to 1 and 1.10 to 1. The process involves a salt of the tetravalent vanadium, dissolved in a non-oxidizing acid aqueous solution, with orthophosphoric acid. After the solution is concentrated the vanadium salt complex is precipitated by adding water. The precipitate is dried. The dried precipitate is put or formed into the desired form. The formed, dried precipitate is subjected to a heat treatment of at least 300.degree. C. A mixed-oxide oxidation catalyst is obtained.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of cellulose and lignin organic waste materials into a more digestible and manageable form. The process includes reducing, if necessary, the cellulose or lignin organic waste material to a size to 2 inches or less. An acid selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and mixtures thereof is admixed with about 40 to about 60 percent by weight of the organic waste material. Before, after or simultaneously with such admixing steps, a base selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide and mixtures thereof is admixed with the remainder of the organic waste material. The acidified waste material is mixed and reacted with the basified organic waste material, a more digestible form of said organic waste material resulting. About 80 to 120 parts by weight of the acidified organic waste material is used per 100 parts by weight of the basified organic waste material.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel 2-unsubstituted-3-phenylindolines and acid addition salts thereof. These compounds have been found to have valuable pharmacological properties indicative of possible utility, inter alia, of controlling coagulation of the blood and as hypoglycemic agents. The invention also provides novel processes for producing the novel compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing same as active ingredients.

Abstract: The process for the production of 2-chloronicotinic acid amide from nicotinic acid-N-oxide, characterized in that 2-chloronicotinic acid chloride is distilled off from the nicotinic acid-N-oxide reaction product and the distilled 2-chloronicotinic acid chloride is allowed to flow into an amine at a temperature of 0.degree. to 60.degree. C. The 2-chloronicotinic acid chloride is ammonlyzed to 2-chloronicotinic acid amide, which precipitates in a crystalline form.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of aromatic trifluoromethyl compounds of the benzene series by conversion of the corresponding trichloromethyl compound with hydrogen fluoride. The aromatic trichloromethyl compound of the benzene series is converted in the presence of antimony pentachloride, which is a catalyst, in a quantity, related to the quantity of the trichloromethyl compound, of 200 to 700 ppm per trichloromethyl group in the trichloromethyl compound, with a stoichiometric quantity, or at most a 2 percent excess, of hydrogen fluoride. The conversion is conducted at a pressure of 20 to 45 atm., at a temperature of 60.degree. to 75.degree. C. and with intermixing which is characterized by a Reynolds number between 50,000 and 80,000. Yields of around 98 percent are achieved.

Abstract: The process for the production of closed-cell, extra soft polyvinylchloride foam plastics having improved volume stability at elevated temperatures. The process includes heating a plastisol or plastigel comprised of a plasticizer and foaming agent containing polyvinyl chloride or vinyl chloride copolymerizate in a pressure mold at a pressure of up to 300 atm. to a temperature of 150.degree. to 180.degree. C. for 1 to 2 hours. The plastigel or plastisol is cooled, at an unchanged closing force of the press of said pressure mold, to a temperature of 20.degree. to 70.degree. C. The plastigel or plastisol is removed from the pressure mold, a crude foam plastic forming. The crude foam plastic is heated under a gas pressure of 2 to 10 atm. to a temperature of 140.degree. to 170.degree. C. The crude foam plastic is cooled at said pressure of 2 to 10 atm. to a temperature of 100.degree. to 130.degree. C. The pressure is lowered to atmospheric pressure, the foam plastic simultaneous expanding.

Abstract: A process for producing an animal feed and a fertilizer ingredient from animal manure which comprises acid solution and either wet or dry manure. The essentially basic minerals contained in the manure chemically react with the acid to form soluble salts. The acid and essentially basic minerals are used in an amount so that there is an equal molar reaction basis and so that sterilization of the manure is achieved. A slurry containing various solid fractions and an acid-water fraction is formed. The various fractions, each separated from each other, are recovered from the slurry.

Abstract: A dry powder composition comprising vital gluten modified by reaction with a non-toxic chelating agent, for example, sodium citrate. This product has improved hydration and development properties and may be used to advantage in many baking applications, especially short time baking processes.

Abstract: A light sensitive mass which contains a film former, which consists of 20 to 90 percent by weight of a vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer or a polyvinyl pyrrolidone or both and 10 to 80 percent by weight of an aryl sulfone amide formaldehyde resin, and at least one sensitizer, the weight ratio of said film former to sensitizer being between 1:1 and 10:1. Usually the light sensitive mass is used as a light sensitive reversal-development layer on a carrier.

Abstract: Process for stabilizing metaldehyde which involves mixing the metaldehyde and 0.005 to 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the metaldehyde, of an inorganic base or organic base having a pK number of 6.5 to 12.5. The inorganic base or the organic base stabilizes the metaldehyde.Stabilized metaldehyde which contains metaldehyde and 0.005 to 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the metaldehyde, of an inorganic base or an organic base having a pK number of 6.5 to 12.5. The inorganic base or the organic base stabilizes the metaldehyde.

Abstract: In the process for the production of the ethyl ester of aminocyanoacetic acid by reduction of the ethyl ester of nitrosocyanoacetic acid, the improvement of hydrogenating the ethyl ester of nitrosocyanoacetic acid in a low-boiling polar solvent in the presence of Raney nickel at an excess pressure with hydrogen of 1 to 10 atms. and at a temperature of 10.degree. C. for 40 hours to 60.degree. C. for 8 hours.

Abstract: The process for the production of [2-acetoacetylaminothiazolyl-(4)-]-acetic acid ethyl ester. The process involves reacting [2-aminothiazolyl-(4)-]-acetic acid ethyl ester with diketene in an organic solvent in the presence of 5 to 15 percent of glacial acetic acid, based on the amount of the solvent, at a temperature between 30.degree. and 80.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-methyl-7-amino-quinoline by reacting one mole of diketene with one mole of m-phenylene diamine. Also, a process for producing 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-methyl-7-acetoacetic acid amido-quinoline by reacting two moles of diketene with one mole of m-phenylene diamine.

Abstract: A process for the trichloroacetyl of orotic acid which comprises (a) converting trichloroacetyl chloride to .gamma., .gamma., .gamma.-trichloroacetoacetyl chloride with ketene, (b) adding reaction mixture (a) to urea dissolved in a polar organic solvent, e.g., acetic acid, 6-trichloromethyluracil being produced, (c) separating the 6-trichloromethyluracil from reaction mixture (b), and (d) hydrolyzing the 6-trichloromethyluracil to orotic acid.

Abstract: A process for the determination of the visco-elastic characteristics of polymers which includes stimulating a rolling pendulum which is supported on a flat horizontal surface of a polymer sample, to free, attenuated rolling oscillations at different tempertures of the polymeric sample and measuring the attenuation and/or material frequency of the rolling oscillations in dependence on the temperature of the polymeric sample.An apparatus for carrying out such process which includes a table for the accommodation of the sample, which has a flat surface, means for heating or cooling of the table top to certain temperatures, means for adjustment of the table, whereby the flat surface of the polymeric sample is positioned in the a horizontal position, a rolling pendulum that is supported by the surface of the polymeric sample, and means for the reading of the oscillations of the rolling pendulum.