Abstract: A process of inhibiting oxalate scale formation in aqueous systems is disclosed. A preferred class of scale inhibitors is represented by polyamino hexamethylene phosphonates. These phosphonate inhibitors can be used in levels of from 0.05 ppm to 300 ppm (of the aqueous solution) at pH in the near neutral to preferably alkaline medium.

Abstract: A fluid composition suitable for use as an aircraft hydraulic fluid is disclosed. The fluid composition comprises a fire resistant phosphate ester base stock comprising between about 10% and about 100% by weight of a trialkyl phosphate, between about 0% and about 70% by weight of a dialkyl aryl phosphate, and from about 0% to about 25% by weight of an alkyl diaryl phosphate, with the proviso that the sum of the proportionate amount of each base stock component must equal 100%. The alkyl substituents of the trialkyl phosphate, the dialkyl aryl phosphate, and the alkyl diaryl phosphate contain between 3 and 8 carbon atoms, preferably between 4 and 8 carbon atoms, more preferably between 4 and 5 carbon atoms, and are bonded to the phosphate moiety via a primary carbon. It is still further preferred that the alkyl substituents of the trialkyl phosphate, the dialkyl aryl phosphate, and the alkyl diaryl phosphate are isoalkyl groups.

Abstract: Oxidation inhibited fluid compositions are prepared by mixing an aromatic ether represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 independently are phenyl, biphenyl, and terphenyl and n is an integer of from zero (0) to 5, and an alkali metal precursor compound convertible under alkali metal precursor compound conversion conditions into an alkali metal salt of oxalic acid, followed by heating the aromatic ether/alkali metal precursor compound mixture at an elevated temperature in the presence of molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas and for a time effective to convert the alkali metal precursor compound into the corresponding alkali metal salt of oxalic acid and form a colloidal dispersion of the aromatic ether and an oxidation inhibiting amount of the alkali metal salt of oxalic acid. The colloidal dispersion is separated from noncolloidally dispersed solid material to thereby recover the oxidation inhibited fluid composition.

Abstract: New plastic articles are disclosed and claimed having flame retardant properties which contain a core of a plastic polymeric material (thermoplastic, thermoset, rigid foam or semi-flexible foam polymeric material) which is coated with a protective, flame retardant layer comprising a mixture of a thermoplastic polymeric material and a flame retardant, char-forming, intumescent system. The new articles are suitable for the manufacture of e.g. rods, beams, pipes, hoses, non-tubular profiles and panels which are useful in various industries such as the building, automotive and mining industries.

Abstract: Shaped oxidation catalyst structures containing catalytic material comprised of mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus which are useful for the production of maleic anhydride via the partial oxidation of nonaromatic hydrocarbons, particularly n-butane, in the vapor phase with molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas are provided. Such structures are characterized by exhibiting (a) a geometric volume of from about 30 percent to about 67 percent of that exhibited by the void space-free solid geometric form, (b) an external geometric surface area/geometric volume ratio of at least about 20 cm.sup.-1, (c) a bulk density of from about 0.4 g/cm.sup.3 to about 1.4 g/cm.sup.3, and (d) a mechanical resistance sufficient to maintain substantially the structural integrity of the shaped structure under handling and use conditions.

Abstract: Vanadium/phosphorus mixed oxide catalysts comprising vanadyl pyrophosphate, optionally containing a promoter component, are transformed from vanadium/phosphorus mixed oxide catalyst precursors comprising vanadyl hydrogen phosphate, optionally containing a promoter component, by subjecting the catalyst precursors to elevated temperatures in three stages--(a) an initial heat-up stage in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of air, steam, an inert gas, and mixtures thereof, (b) a rapid heat-up stage at a programmed heat-up rate in a molecular oxygen/steam-containing atmosphere, and (c) a maintenance/finishing stage, first in a molecular oxygen/-steam-containing atmosphere, and thereafter in a nonoxidizing, steam-containing atmosphere. Such catalysts are useful for the production of maleic anhydride via the partial oxidation of nonaromatic hydrocarbons, particularly n-butane, in the vapor phase with molecular oxygen or a molecular oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: Alkylidene diesters such as ethylidene diacetate are produced by reacting an ether and/or an ester under substantially anhydrous conditions with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in contact with a catalyst system comprising a rhodium compound and a halogen component at a temperature in the range from 125.degree. to 300.degree. C. and at a carbon monoxide partial pressure in the range from about 1.0 to 1100 kg/cm.sup.2. When ethylidene diacetate is the product, it can then be decomposed to produce vinyl acetate and acetic acid by well-known techniques. Since one mole of acetic acid is also produced in the synthesis of the diacetate, the invention makes possible an overall process for the production of vinyl acetate which produces acetic acid rather than consumes it.

Abstract: Perfluorinated polyethers having the formulaR.sub.f O--(CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O).sub.n --R'.sub.fwherein n is and integer of 1-11 and each of R.sub.f and R'.sub.f is a perfluorinated C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl radical, dimers of such polyethers and carbon to carbon intramolecularly coupled cyclic derivatives of such polyethers are produced by direct fluorination of the polyethers in an inert solvent. Compositions of the perfluorinated polyethers and their derivatives are useful as functional fluids.

Abstract: A frangible roof joint forming a flexible gastight connection between a tank shell and a roof, comprising an annular link mechanism sealingly secured at or adjacent a first edge thereof to a rim of the tank and sealingly secured at or adjacent a second edge thereof to the periphery of the roof. The securement of the annular link mechanism to the rim and the roof is such as to permit articulation of the annular link mechanism relative to the rim and roof to a point of failure of the joint upon pressurization of the tank above a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an aqueous concentrate adapted to be diluted with water and used in fire control. The concentrate exhibits a viscosity of less than about 2000 centipoise and containing between about 0.75% and about 6% by weight a thickening agent and at least about 24% by weight of certain fire retardants, particularly diammonium phosphate, diammonium sulfate, a blend of diammonium phosphate and diammonium sulfate, a blend of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate having a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of at least about 1.25, and a blend of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate having a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of at least about 1.25. Processes for the preparation of such concentrates and for use thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an aqueous concentrate adapted to be diluted with water and used in fire control. The concentrate exhibits a viscosity of less than about 2000 centipoise and containing between about 0.75% and about 6% by weight a thickening agent and at least about 24% by weight of certain fire retardants, particularly diammonium phosphate, diammonium sulfate, a blend of diammonium phosphate and diammonium sulfate, a blend of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate having a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of at least about 1.25, and a blend of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate having a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of at least about 1.25. Processes for the preparation of such concentrates and for use thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an aqueous concentrate adapted to be diluted with water and used in fire control. The concentrate exhibits a viscosity of less than about 2000 centipoise and containing between about 0.75% and about 6% by weight a thickening agent and at least about 24% by weight of certain fire retardants, particularly diammonium phosphate, diammonium sulfate, a blend of diammonium phosphate and diammonium sulfate, a blend of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate having a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of at least about 1.25, and a blend of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate having a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of at least about 1.25. Processes for the preparation of such concentrates and for use thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a seal assembly for sealing an electrode movable vertically through an opening in the roof of an electrode furnace. The seal assembly comprises a lower assembly including an annular base adapted for sealing engagement with the roof around the roof opening, an annular wall extending up from the base, and an annular scraper extending generally radially inwardly relative to the wall and having an inner edge adapted for scraping material from the outer surface of the electrode as the electrode moves vertically. The seal assembly also includes an upper assembly comprising a pair of annular seals of refractory material disposed in vertically spaced relation, each seal comprising a plurality of discrete arcuate seal segments, a mechanism for applying an inward radial pressure to each seal to hold it in sealing engagement with the electrode, and a mechanism for holding each seal against upward movement relative to the roof as the electrode moves up through the roof opening.