Abstract: A smoking composition comprising an admixture of (1) combustible filler selected from natural tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, non-tobacco substitutes, and mixtures thereof, and (2) between about 0.00001 and 2 percent, by weight of the composition of a flavorant selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen; C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl; C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkoxy-C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl; C.sub.3 to C.sub.12 cycloalkyl; phenyl; benzyl; substituted phenyl and substituted benzyl, wherein the substituted phenyl and substituted benzyl are substituted with one or more substituents, each of said substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, methoxy and hydroxy.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for non-contact determination of shaft angle utilizes a patterned disc secured to the shaft or other rotor being observed. The disc has sectors of different optical properties whereby radiant energy directed to the disc will be encoded by the sectored pattern. A set of detectors, which each correspond to one of the sectors, provides variable output signals according to the amount of radiant energy attenuated by the disc and directed onto the detectors. These signals are converted to a set of digital signals which define a unique rotational position, and a computing means calculates angular position from these signals. The computing means will, if necessary, compare the digital output signals and then calculate angular position in a manner which is insensitive to small decenters (or lack of concentricity) in the arrangement of the shaft, disc, detectors, and any associated optical system.

Abstract: Cut tobacco is treated with a supersaturated aqueous solution of calcium citrate and excess moisture is removed. The result is a significant increase in the filling power of the cut tobacco.