Abstract: Device and method for removing dissolved organic acids from entrained liquid droplets in a waste gas stream comprising (1) heating the liquid droplets in the waste gas stream to the vaporization temperature, and (2) contacting the waste gas stream with a collecting means whereby the dissolved organic acids are deposited on the means of evaporization of the liquid droplets to thereby produce the heated gas stream substantially free of the liquid droplets.

Abstract: A process is described for the removal of acid gases and ammonia from dilute aqueous solutions. This is achieved by two separate and successive distillations. In the first distillation, substantially all of the acid gases and free ammonia are removed. In the second distillation, substantially all of the fixed ammonia is removed. Exemplary aqueous solutions are waste waters from coke oven and coal conversion plants.

Abstract: The method of producing blast furnace coke by (1) compacting a finely divided coal wherein at least about 60% by weight of the coal has a diameter of less than about 1/8 inch to form a coal compact, which compact immediately after removal from the compacting means comprises at least about 20% by weight of particles having a particle size of less than 1/4 inch in diameter; (2) breaking the thus formed compact such that the bulk density is sufficiently increased to be capable of conversion into coke suitable for use in large blast furnaces upon carbonization thereof; and (3) carbonizing the broken compact to thereby produce blast furnace coke having a minimum hardness of about 68 and a minimum stability of about 55. The compacting is preferably performed at a pressure equivalent to that achieved by passing the finely divided coal between rolls at a pressure applied to the coal of between about 20 and about 60 tons per lineal inch.

Abstract: Reactor for removing oxidizable pollutants from a waste gas stream which comprises (1) means for introducing the waste gas stream through an inlet into a chamber containing a substantially horizontal catalyst bed container means below the inlet, which container means is for containing a granular catalyst bed for oxidizing the pollutants and which container means comprises (a) support means for the catalyst bed which support means is permeable to the waste gas stream and covers substantially the entire horizontal cross section area of the chamber below the catalyst bed and has an outer edge adjacent to the chamber wall, (b) packing means to fit around the outer edge of the support means to prevent loss of catalyst between the edge of the support means and the wall of the chamber, (c) ledge means which provides a substantially horizontal support around the inside periphery of the chamber wall for leveling the catalyst bed and which ledge means also exerts substantial downward and outward pressure on the packing

Abstract: Systems and methods for directing waste gases to a by-pass conduit from a conduit to a waste gas purifier in response to signals indicating predetermined conditions which are harmful to the waste gas purifier to which the waste gases are normally directed while at the same time maintaining a substantially uniform pressure at the source of the waste gases. Preferably, the source of the waste gases is a scrubber unit for a maleic anhydride production unit. The waste gas purifier is preferably a catalytic oxidation unit for oxidizing hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the waste gases.

Abstract: The manufacture of Portland cement clinker by (1) forming an intimate mixture by intergrinding (a) unsintered Portland cement raw materials and (b) a low volatile carbonaceous fuel such as coke breeze having a high ignition temperature, (2) passing the intimate mixture through a set of preheating cyclones wherein it is preheated prior to passing into a calcining zone, and (3) passing the mixture into said calcining zone wherein said intimate mixture (a) is maintained in a substantial fluidized condition, and (b) is heated rapidly up to a calcination temperature to accomplish calcination of the Portland cement raw material and the ignition of the carbonaceous fuel.

Abstract: Hot reducing gas is desulfurized by contacting the gas with a desulfurizing agent comprising a bed of sintered, porous pellets, comprising the reaction product of manganese oxide and aluminum oxide, then regenerating the spent desulfurizing agent by contacting the bed with a gaseous oxidizing atmosphere and then reusing the regenerated desulfurizing agent under the above mentioned conditions for desulfurizing hot reducing gas. The temperature of the bed of pellets is between about 500.degree. C. and about 1300.degree. C. during both the desurfurization and the regeneration steps. The invention relates to the pellets and to the processes of making and using these pellets.

Abstract: Apparatus for dividing a gravity flow liquid stream into a plurality of separate streams of predetermined proportions comprising (a) a substantially vertical inner liquid inlet tube having a closed end, such end being that toward which the liquid is flowing, and this inner tube containing one or more substantially parallel vertically elongated openings beginning at the closed end of the tube, such openings being of such size as to cause a partial backup of liquid traveling toward the end of the tube; (b) a substantially vertical covering tube having a closed end and containing a plurality of substantially parallel vertically elongated openings, but offset from the vertically elongated opening or openings of the inner tube, and wherein the space between the inner surface of the covering tube and the outer surface of the inner tube, and the size of the vertical opening of the covering tube are such that a partial backup of liquid occurs between the inner tube and the covering tube; and (c) outlet means for coll

Abstract: An aqueous fine coal slurry is stabilized by (a) intimately admixing the aqueous slurry containing between about 30 and about 80 percent fine coal refuse solids by weight with a stabilizing additive comprising Portland cement and (b) allowing the admixture to harden. Preferably the stabilizing additive additionally comprises finely divided blast furnace slag. Also it is preferred that sufficient additive is added so that the slurry will harden to an unconfined compressive strength of at least about 18 psi in less than about two days of addition of the additive.

Abstract: An initial stream of cold liquid ammonia at substantially ambient or atmospheric pressure is divided into a plurality of smaller streams by directing the initial stream downward against a substantially horizontal and substantially flat surface, the axis of the initial stream being substantially orthogonal to the plane of the flat surface. The cold liquid ammonia is preferably produced by directing pressurized liquid ammonia into an expansion chamber to produce a mixture of cold liquid and gaseous ammonia at substantially ambient or atmospheric pressure and then separating the cold liquid ammonia from the cold gaseous ammonia. The divided cold liquid ammonia is preferably applied by a plurality of spaced conduits to the soil where the cold, liquid ammonia is then covered by additional soil by means of a field cultivator to prevent loss of ammonia to the atmosphere.

Abstract: The method of producing blast furnace coke by (1) compacting a finely divided coal wherein at least about 60% by weight of the coal has a diameter of less than about 1/8 inch to form a coal compact, which compact immediately after removal from the compacting means comprises at least about 20% by weight of particles having a particle size of less than 1/4 inch in diameter; (2) breaking the thus formed compact such that the bulk density is sufficiently increased to be capable of conversion into coke suitable for use in large blast furnaces upon carbonization thereof; and (3) carbonizing the broken compact to thereby produce blast furnace coke having a minimum hardness of about 68 and a minimum stability of about 55. The compacting is preferably performed at a pressure equivalent to that achieved by passing the finely divided coal between rolls at a pressure applied to the coal of between about 20 and about 60 tons per lineal inch.

Abstract: Hot reducing gas is desulfurized by contacting the gas with a desulfurizing agent comprising a bed of porous manganese oxide pellets, then regenerating the spent desulfurizing agent by contacting the bed with a gaseous oxidizing atmosphere and then reusing the regenerated desulfurizing agent under the above mentioned conditions for desulfurizing hot reducing gas. The temperature of the bed of pellets is between about 500.degree. C. and about 1300.degree. C. during both the desulfurization and the regeneration steps.

Abstract: Cold ammonia, preferably cold liquid anhydrous ammonia preferably at substantially ambient or atmospheric pressure, is applied (1) to the soil as a fertilizer or (2) to feed grains, forages and anaerobically fermentable plant material to supply thereto and provide therein non-protein nitrogen (NPN).

Abstract: Hot reducing gas is desulfurized by contacting the gas with a desulfurizing agent comprising a bed of sintered, porous pellets, comprising the reaction product of manganese oxide and aluminum oxide, then regenerating the spent desulfurizing agent by contacting the bed with a gaseous oxidizing atmosphere and then reusing the regenerated desulfurizing agent under the above mentioned conditions for desulfurizing hot reducing gas. The temperature of the bed of pellets is between about 500.degree. C. and about 1300.degree. C. during both the desulfurization and the regeneration steps. The invention relates to the pellets and to the processes of making and using these pellets.

Abstract: The process of separating water and wash oil from a gaseous feed stream of water vapor, wash oil and light oil involving (a) directing the gaseous feed stream in an upward direction and in contact with a cooling solid surface such that a temperature gradient of the gaseous stream is produced such that the temperature of the gaseous stream is highest at the bottom of the cooling solid surface such that gaseous components of the gaseous stream having the highest boiling temperature condense onto the lower portions of the cooling solid surface and wherein the lower boiling components of the gaseous stream condense onto the solid surface at higher portions on the solid surface to thereby form a liquid film on the solid surface, which film then runs downward onto the lower portions of the solid surface to thereby inhibit deposits from adhering to these lower portions of the solid surface; (b) withdrawing a gaseous stream containing a major portion of light oil; and (c) withdrawing a liquid condensate which contain

Abstract: A water purification process is described for the removal of ammonia and optionally one or more acid gases from waste waters such as coke-plant or coal conversion waste waters. The process involves adding lime to these waste waters in amounts sufficient to react with fixed ammonia salts present in the waste water and to enable substantially all of the ammonia to be evolved upon distillation, adding a threshold amount of a scale inhibitor compound chosen from the class of certain organic phosphonates and subjecting the thus treated waste water to distillation to remove substantially all of the ammonia and acid gases present from the waste water. Preferably, this process is achieved by two separate and successive distillations. In this preferred process, the first distillation substantially reduces the amount of the acid gases and free ammonia. In the second distillation, the amount of fixed ammonia is substantially reduced.

Abstract: Process for forming coated pitch prills by mixing pitch prills with finely divided carbonaceous material and agitating the prills and carbonaceous material until a layer of carbonaceous material adherently bonded to the pitch prill is formed. Preferably the pitch prill is a substantially spherical particle having an average diameter between about 1 and about 5 millimeters. The finely divided carbonaceous material is preferably carbon black.

Abstract: This invention concerns a carbonization and desulfurization process in which elevated pressures are used so that the product gases contain sufficient hydrogen for use as a recycle stream in the carbonization and desulfurization. The elevated pressures permit product recovery systems for the gas products which utilize the elevated pressures of the carbonization and desulfurization.

Abstract: A water purification process is described for the removal of ammonia and optionally one or more acid gases from waste waters such as coke-plant or coal conversion waste waters. The process involves adding lime to these waste waters in amounts sufficient to react with fixed ammonia salts present in the waste water and to enable substantial amounts of the ammonia to be evolved upon distillation, adding a threshold amount of a scale inhibitor compound chosen from the class of certain organic phosphonates and subjecting the thus treated waste water to distillation to remove substantial amounts of the ammonia and acid gases present from the waste water. Preferably, this process is achieved by two separate and successive distillations. In this preferred process, the first distillation substantially reduces the amount of the acid gases and free ammonia and is conducted at a pH of more than 9. In the second distillation, the amount of fixed ammonia is substantially reduced.

Abstract: Process for forming coated pitch prills by mixing pitch prills with finely divided carbonaceous material and agitating the prills and carbonaceous material until a layer of carbonaceous material adherently bonded to the pitch prill is formed. Preferably the pitch prill is a substantially spherical particle having an average diameter between about 1 and about 5 millimeters. The finely divided carbonaceous material is preferably carbon black.