Abstract: A method is disclosed for adding barium to a large-pore zeolite. The large-pore zeolite is ion exchanged with a barium nitrate solution at a pH of from 8 to 11; the ion exchanged large-pore zeolite is dried; the dried large-pore zeolite is calcined at a temperature of from 500.degree. C. to 700.degree. C.; and then the calcined large-pore zeolite is ion exchanged again with the barium nitrate solution at a pH of from 8 to 11.

Abstract: Hydrocarbonaceous solids are pyrolyzed in a process employing a series of alternate pyrolysis zones and combustion zones preferably arranged along an incline. In particular, low grade hydrocarbonaceous solids are employed to supplement combustion in these alternating combustion zones.

Abstract: A method of recovering vanadium from an aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solvent strip solution is disclosed. The method includes heating the aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solution at a temperature of from 70.degree. C. to 100.degree. C., followed by addition of sulfuric acid to control the pH in the range of from 6.5 to 8.5 and addition of ammonium sulfate to precipitate out the vanadium.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite, SSZ-13, is prepared from organic nitrogen-containing cations derived from 1-adamantamine, 3-quinuclidinol, and 2-exo-aminonorbornane,

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefins in the liquid phase using nickel-containing silicaceous crystalline molecular sieve catalyst.

Abstract: A pretreatment process is disclosed for increasing conversion of reforming catalysts wherein the catalyst is treated at from 120.degree. C. to 260.degree. C.; then the temperature of the treated catalyst is maintained at a temperature of from 370.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. in a reducing atmosphere prior to starting the hydrocarbon feed. Preferably, the catalyst is treated in the presence of hydrogen at atmospheric pressure for at least twenty minutes; then the temperature of the treated catalyst is maintained at 475.degree. C. in a reducing atmosphere for at least ten minutes prior to starting the hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: A pretreatment method is disclosed for enhancing the selectivity and increasing the stability of a reforming catalyst comprising a large-pore zeolite containing at least one Group VIII metal. In this method, the catalyst is reduced in reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from 250.degree. C. to 650.degree. C., exposed to an oxygen-containing gas, treated in a reducing atmosphere at from 120.degree. C. to 260.degree. C., and maintained at a temperature of from 370.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. in a reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for oligomerizing olefins in the liquid phase using nickel-containing silicaceous crystalline molecular sieve catalyst.

Abstract: Particulate alumina-base catalysts are treated to recycle the alumina by a two-step process: the first step involving conversion of the alumina to aluminum sulfate by reaction with gaseous sulfur trioxide, and the second step involving conversion of the aluminum sulfate to an aluminum hydroxide compound by reaction with an aqueous hydroxide. Both reactions are topochemical, and the aluminum hydroxide compound is prepared in particulate form.

Abstract: A method of controlling the solids circulation between a downflow reactor and an entrained bed reactor is disclosed wherein at least some of the solids are transferred from the downflow reactor to a crossflow fluidized bed through a first seal leg, wherein the crossflow fluidized bed has a baffle separating the crossflow fluidized bed into two zones. Then the solids are transferred from the crossflow fluidized bed to the entrained bed reactor, and the solids are transferred from the entrained bed reactor to the downflow reactor through a second seal leg. The solids circulation rate is controlled by adjusting the rate of fluidizing gas entering the crossflow fluidized bed.

Abstract: A new catalyst is disclosed which is useful for dehydrocyclizing alkanes. This catalyst contains a type L zeolite, a Group VIII metal, and an alkaline earth metal. This catalyst has been reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of from 480.degree. C. to 620.degree. C.

Abstract: A spherical catalyst for hydroprocessing hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks. The catalyst consists of an inner region having less than 5% of its port volume contributed by macropores and having between 5 and 30 weight percent total catalytic metals, and an outer region characterized by having more than 10% of its pore volume contributed by macropores and having between 1 and 15 weight percent catalytic metals. A method of preparation of the catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: Superheated steam generated by passing wet steam through a superheater containing a fluidized or partially fluidized bed of hot particulate solids recovered from a retorting process especially useful in a process for recovering hydrocarbon vapors from a hydrocarbonaceous solid such as oil shale.

Abstract: The steam content and pressure of a recycled steam/hydrocarbon gas mixture in an oil shale retorting process is raised by high quality makeup steam producing a retort stripping gas of high efficiency (high oil yield) with minimal water consumption.

Abstract: Shaped catalysts useful for hydroprocessing hydrocarbon feedstocks. The catalysts are shaped as oval extrudates and having at least one ridge. The particles can be circumscribed by rectangles having two dimensions, a first dimension between 0.085 inch and 0.125 inch and a second dimension between 0.065 inch and 0.10 inch.

Abstract: Molecular sieves, particularly zeolites, of intermediate pore size are prepared using imidazole derivatives as templates.

Abstract: Heat is recovered from a hot particulate solid by passing the solid through a heat recovery zone having a countercurrent flow of gas and internal means for controlling backmixing and residence times, said internal means also containing a circulating heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: A method for the gasification of a carbonaceous material is disclosed wherein a carbonaceous material containing potassium nitrate and a solid heat-transfer material comprising sintered bauxite are introduced into a reaction vessel, then the carbonaceous material is reacted with steam to form a hot char and a gaseous product, wherein the heat necessary for said reaction is supplied by the heat-transfer material. Preferably, the carbonaceous material contains from 2 percent to 15 percent potassium nitrate. More preferably, the carbonaceous material is petroleum coke mixed with about 5 percent potassium nitrate.

Abstract: In a process for reforming light naphtha with a bimetallic or multimetallic reforming catalyst, such as a platinum-rhenium-halogen catalyst, at conventional reforming conditions, wherein the catalyst is used for an extended continuous on-stream period, the aromatics selectivity of the catalyst is rapidly increased by contacting the naphtha and hydrogen with the catalyst at increased severity operating conditions, such as a reduced pressure less than 90% of the normal reforming pressure, during an initial portion of the on-stream period.

Abstract: A method of making a new catalyst is disclosed which is useful for dehydrocyclizing alkanes. In this method, a non-acidic alumina sol is mulled with a zeolite to form a mixture, then the mixture is extruded and the resulting extrudate is dried, calcined, impregnated with a Group VIII metal, then dried and calcined again.