Abstract: A surface modified U.V. stabilized article is described which includes a resinous sheet whose sides are both exposed to the air. The surface regions of both sides of the sheet are substantially fully modified in situ with a stabilizing amount of an ingredient such as a ultraviolet light stabilizer material, while the exposed surfaces are substantially free of residual stabilizer and solvent material. The appearance and degree of surface perfection of the modified sides of the sheet are substantially the same as that of an untreated sheet.The U.V. stabilized resin article is made by a continuous process in which the resin body is immersed in a solution of a ultraviolet light stabilizer in a suitable organic solvent, and thereafter, residual stabilizer and solvent are displaced from the modified surface in situ. Both steps in the process are carried out in an environment which are non-evaporative of the solvent.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of incorporating a modifier ingredient into the surface region of a resinous article is described herein. The basic process includes immersing the article in a liquid such as water and contacting the immersed article with a solution of a modifier ingredient in a solvent which is immiscible with the liquid. The improvement herein comprises removing a substantial amount of air dissolved in the water layer to prevent droplets of solution from rising to the surface of the water layer during the process, thereby preventing solid modifier material from accumulating on the water surface.

Abstract: A surface modified, U.V. stabilized opaque polyvinyl chloride resin article and process for making same is described. The article includes a white pigment, such as titanium dioxide, in low amounts. The modified surface is substantially free of residual stabilizer and solvent, and its appearance and degree of surface perfection is substantially the same as an unmodified side of the article.The process of the invention is characterized by the steps of immersing the polyvinyl chloride article is immersed in a suitable liquid media, then contacted with a solution of an ultraviolet light stabilizer in a suitable organic solvent, and residual stabilizer and solvent are displaced in situ, i.e. in a non-evaporative environment without contacting the air.

Abstract: A chromium plating bath which consists essentially of chromic acid and 40-100 g/l of sulfoacetic acid, and which is substantially free of carboxylic acid, fluoride, iodide, bromide and selenium ions, is described herein.

Abstract: A functional chromium electroplating bath and process is disclosed. The bath comprises chromic acid, sulfoacetic acid, iodate and a nitrogen organic compound. Such a bath gives chromium deposits which are both bright and adherent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reaction mixtures and processes which employ an .omega.-phase catalyst for carrying out displacement reactions at a substantially enhanced rate.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a phototool to a light sensitive substrate by means of a roller for applying the phototool to the substrate and a vacuum restraining means for restraining the phototool to maintain it under tension during application of the phototool to the substrate.

Abstract: What is described herein is a process of making a U.V. stabilized PVC article wherein the surface region of the article is modified with a U.V. stabilizer and the treated surface is substantially free of residual stabilizer thereon. The process includes the steps of (a) applying a solution of a U.V. stabilizer in a solvent which is capable of swelling the PVC but is otherwise non-aggressive thereto, and (b) displacing residual solution remaining on said thus treated surface by a liquid which is non-miscible with said solvent.In the preferred form of the invention, step (b) is carried out by contacting the treated surface with water to cause physical removal of the residual solution out of its position on the treated surface, such as by agitation, a jet stream, ultrasonics, and the like.

Abstract: Haze-free tin oxide coatings are made from an organotin compound which ordinarily gives only hazy coatings. The improvement comprises first forming an undercoat of a haze-free tin oxide film on a substrate, preferably by decomposition of monophenyltin trichloride. Thereafter the tin oxide overcoating assumes the haze-free characteristics of the undercoat film.

Abstract: Weight loss of lead and lead alloy anodes is substantially reduced by including bismuth arsenic or antimony ions in the plating bath.

Abstract: Improved nebulizable coating compositions for making high quality, fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings having a low sheet resistance and high visible light transmission includes a mixture of less than 95 wt. % of monobutyltin trichloride, less than 50 wt. % of an inorganic fluorine dopant, which is ammonium fluoride, ammonium bifluoride or dibutyltin difluoride, and the rest is a mixture of solvents.

Abstract: A process for modifying the surface region of a polymer article by incorporating one or more ingredients therein. Such ingredients may be ultraviolet light stabilizers, antioxidants, anti-static agents, pigments and the like. The polymer article, e.g. a sheet of polyvinyl chloride, is immersed in a liquid (e.g. water) and the immersed article is contacted with a solution of the ingredient in a solvent. The liquid must be one which is non-aggressive towards the article and must also be immiscible with the solvent. Any residual solution remaining on the contacted surface may be displaced therefrom, preferably by directing a jet of water onto the contacted surface, while avoiding escape of any solvent into the atmosphere.

Abstract: An improved process and composition for the preparation of nickel or nickel alloy electrodeposits is provided. The process involves passing current from a anode to a cathode through an aqueous acidic electroplating solution containing zinc ions as impurities with the combination of at least one nickel compound, saccharin, and a sulfonated acetylenic compound or salt thereof, particularly propyne sulfonic acid.The invention is particularly useful for electroplating nickel onto a zinc die cast substrate, where zinc ion impurity build-up in the bath occurs.

Abstract: A printed circuit board having improved adhesion between solder mask and metal includes a primer film on the metal deposited from an aqueous solution which includes 0.01 to 10% by weight of a carboxyl-containing polymer or copolymer.

Abstract: Unsaturated glycol diesters are prepared at high reaction rates, high degrees of conversion and high selectivity, by reacting a conjugated diene, a carboxylic acid and oxygen, in the presence of an improved active solid catalyst, in the liquid phase. The improved catalyst of the invention comprises palladium containing thorium as a promotor. In the preferred embodiment, butadiene and acetic acid are reacted with oxygen to produce the desired 1,4-diacetoxy-2-butene at high conversions and selectivity.

Abstract: In accordance with the sought-after features of an improved process for the preparation of Dimilin, there is provided herein a process which comprises first extracting 2,6-difluorobenzamide from an aqueous acid solution with a selective solvent which is acid-stable and water-insoluble. The extract then is condensed in situ with p-chlorophenyl isocyanate at an elevated temperature to form the desired product. The selective solvent preferably has a boiling point at the reaction temperature, preferably about 120.degree.-170.degree. C. Finally, the product is crystallized from the selective solvent.