Abstract: Nonaqueous, rechargeable batteries are described which employ a conventional negative electrode and a positive electrode with a new and unique active material. Such batteries are advantageous because of the high capacity per unit weight and per unit volume exhibited by the positive electrode and the extensive rechargeability of these batteries.

Abstract: A process is described for making alkaline batteries in which particular attention is given to the pretreatment of nickel plaques prior to impregnation. This pretreatment involves production of a uniform thin oxide film on the nickel plaque surface under carefully controlled conditions. This pretreatment prevents corrosion under conditions for commercial production of electrodes for alkaline batteries and permits not only higher loadings but more uniform loadings of the electrodes.

Abstract: A process is described for the electroless deposition of metals on nonmetallic surfaces. The process involves pretreatment of the nonmetallic surface so as to obtain a surface finish suitable for deposition of colloidal sensitizers which catalyze electroless metallic deposition. The nonmetallic surface is then exposed to a colloidal catalyst solution (typically SnCl.sub.2 /PdCl.sub.2) followed by an acid rinse. On completion of this surface activation procedure, the surface is exposed to a bath for the electroless deposition of metal. This procedure, which differs from that traditionally used, insures more reliable catalysis for electroless deposition of metals with shorter initiation times and is simpler in procedure and lower in cost.

Abstract: A method of electroplating precious metal in localized areas. The deposits obtained are usually nonuniform and limited to only those areas where coating is actually required thus offering considerable economic savings. The method uses shaped anodes approaching the cathodes very closely, high parallel flow rates of electrolyte and high current densities of at least 100 milliamperes per cm..sup.2 in order to electroplate the precious metal quickly. The preferred precious metal is gold. The method is applied to the coating of electronic circuits and components such as connectors and switches.

Abstract: A process is described for purifying liquids by cryogenic sublimation. This process involves solidifying the liquid by reducing the temperature and pressure to below the triple point. Purification is then carried out by direct transformation from the solid to the vapor phase. Because of increased differentials in vapor pressures at the low temperature at which the procedure is carried out, this purification process is highly efficient and is also particularly suitable for liquids that are susceptible to decomposition with ordinary purification procedures requiring elevated temperatures. The procedure is also advantageous in separating azeotropes, structurally similar compounds, as well as treating flammable, hydroscopic, corrosive and fuming compounds.

Abstract: A process is described for making devices with gold plated surfaces in which a procedure is carried out to determine if visual defects in the gold plated surface have exposed base metal. This procedure is advantageous because defects with exposed base metal are detrimental to device reliability and longevity.