Abstract: An alkaline earth alkylaryl sulfonate having a BN of at least 250, wherein the aryl radical is not phenol, wherein the alkyl chain is a linear chain that contains between 14 and 40 carbon atoms, and wherein the mole % of the aryl-sulfonate radical fixed on position 1 or 2 of the linear alkyl chain is between 13% and 30%. Such an alkaline earth alkylaryl sulfonate has improved compatibility, solubility, and foaming performances while having low color and no skin formation. The starting alkylate has a low iodine number, a very high level of monoalkylate, and, as a consequence, a high yield at the sulfonation step.

Abstract: A method for reducing the molecular weight of olefin copolymers comprises contacting an olefin copolymer and a base oil containing less than about 0.05 wt. % sulfur in the presence of oxygen and at a temperature of at least about 60° C.

Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions; then treating the reaction product with either a cyclic carbonate or a linear mono- or polycarbonate or boron compound under reactive conditions. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative has a Mn of from 1800 to 3000. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer has a Mn of from 2000 to 4800, and is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an olefin having an average of from 14 to 30 carbon atoms. The polyamine has at least three nitrogen atoms and 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The mixture contains from 1.5 to 10 equivalents of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative per equivalent of unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer and from 0.4 to 1.0 moles of polyamine per equivalent of alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative plus unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer.

Abstract: An alkylaryl composition wherein the aryl radical is other than phenol and wherein the alkyl radical is derived from an isomerized C14 to C40 normal alpha olefin and wherein either (1) the weight percent of the aryl radical fixed at position 1 or 2 of a linear alkyl chain is less than about 23, or (2) at least 28 weight percent of the alkyl radicals are branched chain alkyl radicals, or (3) both is useful for making alkaline earth alkylaryl sulfonates that can be used as lubricating oil additives.

Abstract: A process for using sludge formed in the preparation of a high BN overbased alkylaryl sulfonate or overbased sulfurized alkylphenate, wherein the sludge is treated with an acidic reactant to convert large particles of the alkaline earth metal salt in the sludge into calcium sulfonate, then is reacted with an excess of alkaline earth base and either alkylaryl sulfonic acid or alkylphenol to produce a reaction product, which could be a low or high overbased alkylaryl sulfonate or overbased sulfurized alkylphenate.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition has a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, a minor amount of a carbonated sulfurized metal alkyl phenate and, a minor amount of a carbonated metal alkyl aryl sulfonate. The total base equivalents donated by the phenate is more than 85% of the total base equivalents donated by the phenate and sulfonate. The composition also has alkenyl or alkyl succinimide additives that are the reaction product of a high molecular weight alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted succinic anhydride and a polyalkylene polyamine having an average of greater than four nitrogen atoms per mole, wherein the reaction product is post-treated with a cyclic carbonate.

Abstract: Dispersant detergent additives for lubricating oils prepared by neutralization, carboxylation, sulfurization-overalkalinization, carbonation, distillation, filtering and degassing from alkyl phenols containing 35-85% by weight of linear alkyl substituents. The process does not require, during the neutralizing phase, the presence of a third solvent, which, by forming an azeotropic mixture with water promote the elimination of water arising from the neutralizing reaction. The additives of the invention have improved stability to hydrolysis and improved dispersion properties, improved compatibility and improved foaming properties.

Abstract: An unsulfurized, alkali metal-free, detergent-dispersant composition having from 40% to 60% alkylphenol, from 10% to 40% alkaline earth alkylphenate, and from 20% to 40% alkaline earth single aromatic-ring alkylsalicylate. This composition may have an alkaline earth double aromatic-ring alkylsalicylate as long as the mole ratio of single-ring alkylsalicylate to double aromatic-ring alkylsalicylate is at least 8:1. This composition may be produced by the three-step process involving neutralization of alkylphenols, carboxylation of the resulting alkylphenate, and filtration of the product of the carboxylation step.

Abstract: A process for using sludge formed in the preparation of a high BN overbased alkylaryl sulfonate or overbased sulfurized alkylphenate, wherein the sludge is treated with an acidic reactant to convert large particles of the alkaline earth metal salt in the sludge into calcium sulfonate, then is reacted with an excess of alkaline earth base and either alkylaryl sulfonic acid or alkylphenol to produce a reaction product, which could be a low or high overbased alkylaryl sulfonate or overbased sulfurized alkylphenate.

Abstract: Non-thixotropic, sodium-free lubricant additive having from 10% to 50% of a liquid organic diluent and from 30% to 90% of a substituted hydrocarbaryl metal salt. At least 30 mole percent of the metal in the metal salt is lithium, and the salt is essentially free of sodium. The BN of the non-thixotropic lubricant additive attributable to the lithium is less than 150. This additive is useful for decreasing black sludge deposits and piston deposits.

Abstract: A haze-free post-treated succinimide prepared by treating an alkenyl or alkyl succinimide with an oil-soluble, strong acid and contacting the treated succinimide with a cyclic carbonate to form the haze-free post-treated succinimide. The time, temperature, and acid concentration of the treating step and the time and temperature of contacting step are adjusted, in combination, to form the post-treated succinimide haze-free.

Abstract: Mixture of alkyl phenyl sulfonates of alkaline earth metals having: (a) from 20% to 70% by weight of a linear mono alkyl phenyl sulfonate in which the linear mono alkyl substituent contains from 14 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 20 to 24 carbon atoms, and the mole % of the phenyl sulfonate radical fixed on position 1 or 2 of the linear alkyl chain is between 10% and 25%, preferably between 13% and 20%, and (b) from 30% to 80% by weight of a branched mono alkyl phenyl sulfonate in which the branched mono alkyl substituent contains from 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An unsulfurized, alkali metal-free, detergent-dispersant composition having from 40% to 60% alkylphenol, from 10% to 40% alkaline earth alkylphenate, and from 20% to 40% alkaline earth single aromatic-ring alkylsalicylate. This composition may have an alkaline earth double aromatic-ring alkylsalicylate as long as the mole ratio of single-ring alkylsalicylate to double aromatic-ring alkylsalicylate is at least 8:1. This composition may be produced by the three-step process involving neutralization of alkylphenols, carboxylation of the resulting alkylphenate, and filtration of the product of the carboxylation step.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition reduces the adverse effects of oxidation in a medium speed diesel engine. That lubricating oil composition has a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, from 1% to 30% of a highly overbased oil-soluble sulfurized alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl phenate-carboxylate and from 0.1% to 5% of a polyalkylene succinimide prepared by reacting under reactive conditions a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an olefin, and a polyamine. When that lubricating oil composition has 0.1% to 2% of a physical mixture of from 20% to 90% of a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate derived from only primary alkyl alcohols, and from 10% to 80% of a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate derived from only secondary alkyl alcohols, the lubricating oil composition is useful for increasing the water tolerance of a medium speed diesel engine that are susceptible to water contamination.

Abstract: Alkyl nitriles in combination with alkali metal hydroxides provide super bases which are useful in various chemical processes.

Abstract: A density fractionation process for recovering vegetable seed protein granules from the remaining portion of the vegetable seeds, said seeds having a lipid concentration of from 10% to about 70%, using a ternary, single-phase solution of water, an electrolyte, and a carbohydrate, said solution having a density of from about 1.1 to about 1.5 g/ml and a water activity of less than about 0.90.

Abstract: A density fractionation process for recovering vegetable seed protein granules from the remaining portion of the vegetable seeds, using a polyol or mixture of polyols having a density of from about 1.0 to about 1.4, or, a ternary, single-phase solution of a polyol, water, and a carbohydrate, said ternary solution having a density of from about 1.0 to about 1.4 g/ml and a water activity of less than about 0.90.

Abstract: A density fractionation process for recovering vegetable seed protein granules from the remaining portion of the vegetable seeds, said seeds having a lipid concentration of from 0% to 5%, using a ternary, single-phase solution of water, an electrolyte, and a carbohydrate, said solution having a density of from about 1.2 to about 1.5 g/ml and a water activity of less than about 0.85.

Abstract: Compositions and process employing guanidine compounds and peroxide compounds for treatment of acne and other skin lesions by topical application.

Abstract: Compositions and a method for controlling the chronic effects of prolonged exposure to sunlight utilizing conjugated dienes in combination with a topical skin compatible surfactant containing carrier.