Abstract: A pressurized fuel tank maintains fuel in its liquid phase and is connected to a fuel pump providing fuel to an accumulator. Control valves control fuel flow to injectors feeding fuel to combustion cylinders. When the engine is shut down, one way check valves connected between the control valves and the injectors close to seal the injectors from the control valves; and at the same time, a dump valve opens to connect the injectors to an adsorber device while an air inlet valve also opens to connect the adsorber device to the engine air inlet. When the engine is restarted, the check valves open and the dump valve and air inlet valve close. Subsequently, a purge valve opens to connect the adsorber device to a source of purge air, while the air inlet valve opens simultaneously. A purge process then occurs, whereupon the purge valve and air inlet valve simultaneously close, and the engine operates with the dump valve, the air inlet valve and the purge valve in closed position until the engine shuts down again.

Abstract: A method for cutting a ceramic base plate with which the process efficiency is improved, a stable cutting resistance can be maintained during the cutting process, and excellent process precision can be achieved, a wherein supporting plate which is used for the cutting of the ceramic base plate has a structure of a sealed surface layer which has been impregnated with glass components into both surfaces of the sintered porous alumina body. The supporting plate is fixed on a stage of a cutting machine along a forward direction of the rotary cutting blade through a vacuum-absorption and the ceramic base plate as a work-piece is wax-bonded to the supporting plate. While rotating the rotary cutting blade, first of all, the supporting plate is cut so that the blade is dressed/sharpened with the sintered porous alumina body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve comprising a valve housing 1 with a duct 2 that can be optionally opened or closed, a valve body 4 and a valve spindle 3 that is displaceable in relation to the valve body 4 from a first position where the valve spindle 3 closes the duct 2, to a second position where the valve spindle 3 keeps the duct 2 open. The valve comprises a displaceable flange part 15 that surrounds the valve body 4, and which flange part 15 is arranged to support the valve body 4 by means of at least one displacement element 11, 12, 13. Flange part 15 is arranged to be displaced, in relation to the valve body 4, when force is applied to the flange part 15. To make the valve easy to operate, utilize very little force and have small dimensions, the valve spindle 3 is arranged to be displaced from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: A feeding device for feeding young pigs comprises a feeding tube (16), which may be a flexibly yielding or a rigid feeding tube. The feeding tube (16) is connected with a feed reservoir (26) and is fastened to a frame (15). The lower end (17) of the feeding tube (16) is arranged at a short distance over a feeding plate (12). Arranged around the lower end of the tube is a ring (1). The ring (1) may be manipulated by young pigs, which have a size between 5 and 13 kg, so that these animals are able to be fed by the feeding device. The feeding device will make it possible in a technically simple manner to feed young pigs.

Abstract: A process for producing lead frames having lead tips with a minimum of side etching includes the steps of coating a metal lead frame substrate with a first photosensitive film, patterning the first photosensitive film, developing the patterned first photosensitive film, partially etching the metal surface of the lead-frame substrate beneath the developed patterned first photosensitive film, coating the partially etched metal surface with a positive second photosensitive, exposing the positive second photosensitive film to light passing through the developed first photosensitive film, developing the exposed second photosensitive film, performing fine etching through the developed second photosensitive film to a desired depth at least once, and removing the first and second photosensitive films.

Abstract: A robot arm comprises an assembly (6) rotatable relative to a part (2) of the arm about an axis extending at an angle to a longitudinal axis of the arm part, said assembly comprising a drive unit (8) and a member (9) driven by the drive unit. A cable (35, 36) comprising one or more lines for communication of energy for driving and/or control purposes extends between the arm part (2) and the drive unit (8). The assembly (6) comprises an axle pin (13) rotatably supported relative to the arm part (2). The cable extends in a space (48) provided in the assembly and comprising a first part space (49) provided in the axle pin (13), the cable being coiled in screw-line-shape in said first part space, and a second part space (50), in which the cable extends from the first part space (49) to the drive unit.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with spark ignition and a piston that includes a substantially U-shaped asymmetrical piston depression with a depression floor that tapers towards an edge of the piston and that changes in a continuously rising manner into a depression wall, and an expanding squeezing chamber, the arrangement being adapted to promoting a swirling rather than a turbulent flow of injected fuel.

Abstract: An engine body supports a cylinder having a piston reciprocally mounted therein. A connecting rod is pivotally connected between the piston and a lever which is pivotally supported by the engine body. The lever rotatably supports a drive roller which is disposed in contact with a cam surface on a member drivingly connected to an output shaft. The connecting rod may be connected to the lever by a connecting pin which is mounted for movement within slots formed in the lever. A crank is pivotally connected to the connecting pin to adjust the position of the connecting pin within the slots to control reciprocal movement of the piston. In a modification, the levers connected to adjacent pistons are connected to one another for movement together and are pivoted about a common pivot axis. In another embodiment, a novel cam profile provides unequal piston strokes to operate the engine in an overexpanded operating cycle.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for supplying material to a substrate (109). The apparatus includes a member (3) having a surface with a plurality of features (8) which locate, in use, menisci of a liquid (1) supplied to the member. An actuator (4) induces mechanical vibrations within the liquid located by the features to cause liquid droplets (7) to be sprayed. Liquid (1) is supplied to the member and electrical charge is supplied to the member and electrical charge is supplied to the liquid by, for example, an electrode (14). Electrical charge or potential is also supplied to the substrate (109) so that the droplets are directed towards the substrate to deposit material thereon.

Abstract: A method of forming and lining a branch borehole includes installing a packer in a main borehole, installing a whipstock on the packer, milling a window in the main borehole casing using the whipstock, recovering the whipstock, and then installing a deflector (20) to deflect a lining into the lateral. The external diameter (D) of the deflector is less than the internal diameter of the casing of the main borehole so as to permit subsequent milling away of cement and surplus lining material using a washover tool or thin-walled mill. The preferred deflector includes a relatively steep deflector face (21) at the upper end of the deflector and a relatively shallow deflector face (22) which connects the lower end (23) of the face (21) to the full diameter (D) of the deflector. If it is desired to use the maximum possible diameter casing for the lateral, portions of the formation and/or the main borehole casing are removed by an appropriate tool after the deflector (20) has been positioned within the borehole.

Abstract: A lid for accumulator batteries has one or more holes to receive a device to ensure the circulation of electrolyte during the first charge and a second device to ensure the re-fill of electrolyte during the other charges. The lid is equipped with one or more channels each having one end facing the surface of the one or more holes and the opposite end coupled with at least one duct on the inner vertical wall of the container.

Abstract: The invention realizes an improved mechanical strainer for fibrous suspensions including: a rotor; a filtering basket substantially coaxial externally to said rotor; an interspace defined between the side surfaces of said rotor and of said filtering basket; an outer casing suitable to house said filtering basket and said rotor. Inside this outer casing there are: a feeding chamber receiving the fibrous suspension to be treated, a delivery chamber of the "accepted" and a waste chamber of the "waste". The rotor is provided with a plurality of diffusing ducts developing through diverging ways according to the flow direction and being suitable to pipe the fibrous suspensions to be treated from said feeding chamber to said interspace.

Abstract: Duplex coated steel composite products comprising a first layer of a nitrd layer formed by applying glow discharge at a current density from 0.001 to 2.0 mA/cm.sup.2 to the surface of metal parts by using gaseous ammonia and gaseous hydrogen while maintaining the temperature of the metal parts at 300 to 650.degree. C., thereby applying plasma nitriding and a second layer comprising a hard film comprising a nitride, carbide and/or carbonitride of one or more of elements selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta and Cr coated on the first layer by the PVD method of a laminate film or a gradient laminate film of such hard film. The treated products are excellent in adhesion with the substrate and durability and have both oxidation resistance and wear resistance.

Abstract: A trigger actuated pump sprayer has a reduced number of parts to render it low cost without compromising any pump function. A combined inlet/discharge valve unit is located in a liquid passageway leading from the inlet end of the pump body. The unit has a pair of axially spaced apart frusto-conical valve skirts diverging outwardly from the common stem on which the valve skirts are provided. The valve skirts straddle a pump chamber port, and the unit may be mounted in place by a dip tube retainer or the retainer may be eliminated with the unit coupled to the pump body itself, fixed in the passageway directly by the dip tube, or made integral with the unit. The trigger actuator has an integral piston return spring, the actuator being fixed to the pump body, and the trigger lever of the actuator being coupled to the pump piston.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cooling system for motor vehicles comprising a water pump configured as a radial-flow pump and a thermostat for control of the cooling system, which is installed in a thermostat housing, the water pump having a housing on the inlet side, which is integral with the housing of the thermostat. Simplicity of design is achieved by including a flow directing baffle as part of a connecting piece of the heater return line, which baffle partially encloses the thermostat.

Abstract: Deep-frozen, unfermented raw dough pieces which can be directly baked into croissants and other similar bakery products without thawing or intermediate fermenting include a plurality of fat layers and a plurality of layers of yeast dough, the number of fat layers being greater than 50.

Abstract: Duplex coated steel composite products comprising a first layer of a nitrided layer formed by applying glow discharge at a current density from 0.001 to 2.0 mA/cm.sup.2 to the surface of metal parts by using gaseous ammonia and gaseous hydrogen while maintaining the temperature of the metal parts at 300 to 650.degree. C., thereby applying plasma nitriding and a second layer comprising a hard film comprising a nitride, carbide and/or carbonitride of one or more of elements selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta and Cr coated on the first layer by the PVD method of a laminate film or a gradient laminate film of such hard film. The treated products are excellent in adhesion with the substrate and durability and have both oxidation resistance and wear resistance.

Abstract: Weaving heddles adapted to be arranged in pairs on a heddle frame of a weaving machine have at least three deformations or corrugations provided to space the individual heddles of the pair apart and to space the pair of heddles apart from adjacent heddles in adjacent pairs. A first of the deformations is located at one of the end loops at the upper end of the pair, a second of the deformations is located at one of the end loops at the lower end of the pair, and a third of the deformations is spaced a predetermined distance in a direction toward the thread eye of the heddle away from the end loop at the lower end of the pair.

Abstract: A universal directional reference for trailing locomotives and railroad cars employs a two wire mating connector for each end of the car or locomotive, each wire having a male contact at one end and a female contact at the opposite end and in a sense opposite to the other wire. A positive polarity established on one conductor having its male contact at the leading end of the controlling locomotive causes the same polarity to appear on the female contact at the rear end of said locomotive which is connected to the male contact of the next car or locomotive thereby sustaining the pattern throughout the train. Reverse orientation of any trailing unit automatically swaps the internal polarity of its trainline wires to compensate for the otherwise reverse direction of travel.