Abstract: A non-slip, waterproof, water vapor permeable fabric and method of making are described. The fabric is made by obtaining a waterproof, water vapor permeable film and adhering one side of the film to a layer of fabric which may be a stretch fabric. The other side of the film is provided with a discontinuous coating of an elastomer which has an elastic modulus of less than 5.5N/mm.sup.2. The discontinuous coating may take various forms including a pattern of dots or a grid of intersecting lines. The discontinuous coating may optionally project above the surface of the film. The presence of the discontinuous coating of elastomer results in a fabric with a static coefficient of friction of greater than about 1.0 on the discontinuously coated side of the fabric. The film is preferably a porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film provided with a hydrophilic coating on one surface; the hydrophilic coating may serve as an adhesive for joining the one surface of the film to the layer of fabric.

Abstract: A tubular intraluminal graft in the form of a tubular diametrically adjustable stent having a tubular covering of porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene which is less than 0.10 mm thick. The covering may be on the exterior surface of the stent, or on the interior surface of the stent, or both. The covering may be affixed to the stent by an adhesive which is preferably fluorinated ethylene propylene.

Abstract: A vascular graft in the form of a tube or flat sheet of biocompatible material having an outer covering of deflectably secured material such as porous film, fibers, discrete pieces of material, or combinations thereof. The vascular graft may be of tubular form for replacing or bypassing entire segments of veins or arteries or alternatively may be in the form of a flat sheet useful for repairing portions of the circumference of veins or arteries. The tube or flat sheet of biocompatible material and the outer covering of deflectably secured material are preferably of porous polytetrafluoroethylene. The vascular graft is useful for dialysis access in that it offers a reduction in blood leakage when the vascular graft is punctured by a dialysis needle and the needle is subsequently removed. It is also useful for reducing suture hole bleeding resulting from holes created through the graft by penetration of the graft with a suture needle.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a tissue and debris barrier for use in association with implanted joint replacement devices. The barrier comprises a biocompatible membrane that is impermeable to debris. The membrane defines an aperture which is positioned about a component of the joint replacement prosthesis. The periphery of the membrane may be mechanically attached by suturing to adjacent tissue or may be provided with areas of selected porosity to promote tissue adherence. The barrier permits full motion of the replacement joint while preventing or impeding tissue and debris from migrating to and from bone implant interfaces.

Abstract: A surgical tool for use in preparing a graft path in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a knee joint in which aligned tibial and femoral osseous tunnels are made for a bone-tendon-bone graft or similar surgery where two bone tunnels are in alignment. The tool comprises an elongated guide body having a guide shaft capable of being positioned within the tibial tunnel and extending into the femoral tunnel, and an elongated channel-like main body which is coaxial with the guide shaft. The main body includes a rasping head and is rotatably and axially slidable on the guide shaft for guided rasping of bone surfaces along the graft path. The rasp head fully encircles the guide shaft and is capable of following the guide shaft to enter and extend beyond the tibial tunnel. The leading end of the guide body includes a guide head with a flexible structure for connecting the head to the guide shaft.

Abstract: Balloon catheters having the strength and maximum inflated diameter characteristics of an angioplasty balloon and having the recovery characteristics during deflation of an elastic embolectomy balloon. The balloon catheter can be made in very small sizes and has a lubricious and chemically inert outer surface. The balloon catheter is easy to navigate through tortuous passageways, is capable of rapid inflation and deflation and has high burst strengths. Balloon covers having these same characteristics are also described for use with conventional embolectomy balloons or angioplasty balloons.

Abstract: A macroscopically perforated porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sheet material having a microstructure of nodes interconnected by fibrils wherein the perforations have a minimum diameter of about 0.1 mm and wherein the orientation of a fibril varies as a function of the proximity of a fibril to the edge of a perforation. The length of the fibrils may also vary as a function of the proximity of a fibril to the edge of a perforation. The sheet material may alternatively be provided in a tubular form.

Abstract: A tube of porous PTFE having at least two first and at least two second regions wherein the at least two first regions have a greater density than the at least two second regions. For tubes of porous expanded PTFE having a microstructure of nodes interconnected by fibrils, the at least two first regions have a mean fibril length that is less than that of the at least two second regions. Preferably the regions are arranged in the form of ring-shaped segments of the tube wherein denser segments alternate along the length of the tube with less dense segments. Other arrangements between the different regions are possible; for example, the regions may be oriented in a spiral relationship with each other along the length of the tube. The porous PTFE tubes of the present invention have excellent radial compression resistance without requiring additional exterior reinforcing members due to the presence of the denser regions that are provided with a circumferential orientation.

Abstract: A tubular intraluminal graft in the form of a tubular diametrically adjustable stent having a tubular covering of porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene which is less than 0.10 mm thick. The covering may be on the exterior surface of the stent, or on the interior surface of the stent, or both. The covering may be affixed to the stent by an adhesive which is preferably fluorinated ethylene propylene.

Abstract: A tube which circumferentially distends from its initial circumference upon the application of a circumferentially distending force such as applied by an internal pressure, and which exhibits minimal recoil following the removal of the circumferentially distending force. The tube preferably has a second circumference larger than the initial circumference which remains substantially unchanged by further increasing force once it has been achieved. Because of the distensible circumference and minimal recoil of the tube, the tube is useful as a liner for pipes and vessels and particularly for pipes and vessels having irregular internal surfaces to which the tube can smoothly conform. The tube is preferably made from porous PTFE with thin walls, in which form it is particularly useful as a liner for both living and prosthetic blood vessels and to line anastomoses between living and prosthetic blood vessels.

Abstract: A flexible, multilayered tube with superior chemical resistance, heat resistance, and airtightness, as well as superior flexibility and resistance of the inner surface to staining. The tube comprises a flexible, multilayered tube having a first layer comprised of a non-porous polytetrafluoroethylene structure and a second layer comprised of a porous polytetrafluoroethylene structure laminated onto the outer peripheral surface of said first layer. The tube is useful as a medical tubing and in particular useful as an endoscope tube.

Abstract: An irrigation system for use primarily with in situ bypass and valvulotomy procedures. The system includes access to both the proximal and distal ends of a length of vein and allows for irrigation flow to be provided from proximal to distal, distal to proximal or to both proximal and distal ends of the vein simultaneously. The use of the irrigation system provides for a clear field of view by angioscope during medical procedures. Introducers are also described which may be used with the irrigation system or with many other procedures which require access to an internal body conduit.

Abstract: A mechanical cable system having a tubular housing, conventionally of metal, enclosing a polymeric tubular liner which in turn contains an axially movable length of cable, wherein the end of the polymeric tubular liner extends beyond the end of the housing. A bellows seal is provided to prevent ingress of contaminants between the cable and the end of the housing. The bellows seal has a first end which seals interferably around the outer surface of the cable; the opposite, second end seals interferably around the end of the polymeric tubular liner which extends beyond the end of the housing. Because there is no motion between the ends of the bellows seal and the surfaces to which they are interferably fitted, the seal has a long life and is effective at preventing ingress of contaminants.

Abstract: A method of making a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) using muscle wrapped around a mandrel to form a muscle pouch, the open end of which is sewn to a circular sheet of patch material having connections to one end of each of a pair of vascular grafts, or alternatively to one end of a single vascular graft. The second ends of these vascular grafts are used to connect the LVAD to the aorta. After the muscle pouch has been formed around the mandrel, the mandrel is removed and replaced by a balloon which is inserted into the muscle pouch and inflated to maintain the desired shape of the muscle pouch during healing and stimulation of the pouch. The balloon is subsequently removed preceding activation of the LVAD to allow it to begin pumping blood. Alternatively, various other shape-maintaining forms which are expandable and collapsible may be used in place of the balloon.

Abstract: Balloon catheters having the strength and maximum inflated diameter characteristics of an angioplasty balloon and having the recovery characteristics during deflation of an elastic embolectomy balloon. The balloon catheter can be made in very small sizes and has a lubricous and chemically inert outer surface. The balloon catheter is easy to navigate through tortuous passageways, is capable of rapid inflation and deflation and has high burst strengths. Balloon covers having these same characteristics are also described for use with conventional embolectomy balloons or angioplasty balloons.

Abstract: A method of welding together overlapped edges of porous PTFE sheet materials by applying ultrasonic energy wherein the overlapped edges remain porous after welding. Composite articles made by the welding process are also described.

Abstract: A tube of porous PTFE having at least two first and at least two second regions wherein the at least two first regions have a greater density than the at least two second regions. For tubes of porous expanded PTFE having a microstructure of nodes interconnected by fibrils, the at least two first regions have a mean fibril length that is less than that of the at least two second regions. Preferably the regions are arranged in the form of ring-shaped segments of the tube wherein denser segments alternate along the length of the tube with less dense segments. Other arrangements between the different regions are possible; for example, the regions may be oriented in a spiral relationship with each other along the length of the tube. The porous PTFE tubes of the present invention have excellent radial compression resistance without requiring additional exterior reinforcing members due to the presence of the denser regions that are provided with a circumferential orientation.

Abstract: A tubular intraluminal graft in the form of a tubular diametrically adjustable stent having a tubular covering of porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene which is less than 0.10 mm thick. The covering may be on the exterior surface of the stent, or on the interior surface of the stent, or both. The covering may be affixed to the stent by an adhesive which is preferably fluorinated ethylene propylene.

Abstract: A surgical pledget dispensing system wherein a pledget is affixed to at least one other object whereby the pledget is tearably releasable from the at least one other object. Preferably a multiplicity of pledgers are affixed to the at least one other object in a tearably releasable fashion. The at least one other object is preferably at least one runner, a portion of a suture package or at least one other pledget.