Abstract: An encoder has the capability of outputting a stable displacement signal with small distortion. The encoder includes a first scale and a second scale. The first or second scale has a scale pattern in which pattern elements are arranged in such a manner that the spacings between adjacent pattern elements are not constant but vary in phase relative to the reference phase of a reference pattern element by amounts of P/(2.multidot.L), P/(2.multidot.m), P/(2.multidot.n), P/(2.multidot.o), . . . (L, m, n, o, . . . are positive integers, P is the mean pattern period) and by amounts of combinations of sums of these values.

Abstract: A crankshaft miller is constructed by providing two cutter units movably in a longitudinal direction of a work between a pair of work heads provided on a bed and supporting both ends of the work. A cutter for machining a main journal and a first resting device are provided in one of the pair of cutter units. A pitch of the cutter for machining a main journal and the first resting device is selected such that when a counterweight is machined by the cutter for machining a main journal, a main journal which is located adjacent a counterweight forming a pair with the counterweight is clamped by the first resting device. A cutter for machining a pin journal and a second resting device are provided in the other of the pair of cutter. A pitch of the cutter for machining a pin journal and the second resting device is selected such that when a pin journal is machined by means of the cutter for machining a pin journal, the main journal adjacent the pin journal is clamped by the second resting device.

Abstract: A human monoclonal antibody specifically binding to a surface antigen of cancer cell membrane, an isolated DNA encoding the antibody, and a hybridoma producing the antibody. An anti-cancer formulation comprising the monoclonal antibody bonded to the surface of a liposome enclosing an anti-cancer agent or toxin is also provided.

Abstract: A solid matrix composition which is solid at ambient temperature, which comprises a viscogenic agent, such as an acrylic acid polymer, capable of developing viscosity on contact with water, as dispersed at least in the neighborhood of the surface layer of a matrix particle containing a polyglycerol fatty acid ester or a lipid and an active ingredient. The matrix may be such that a matrix particle containing a polyglycerol fatty acid ester or a lipid and an active ingredient has been coated with a coating composition containing at least one viscogenic agent. Such composition can adhere to the digestive tract and remain there for a prolonged period of time, thereby increasing the bioavailability of the active ingredient. Solid preparations, such as fine granules and granules, contain the above matrix composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for forming a multilayer film, by applying, onto a substrate, the following three coatings: (A) a coloring base coating containing a titanium white pigment and an aluminum flake and capable of forming a film having a value of N 7 to N 9 in Munsell's color system, (B) a white-pearl-like or silver-pearl-like base coating containing a scaly mica powder coated with titanium oxide, and (C) a clear coating in this order without substantially curing the resulting films of the coatings (A), (B) and (C); as necessary conducting preliminary drying at 50.degree.-100.degree. C. between the application of the coating (A) and the application of the coating (B) and/or between the application of the coating (B) and the application of the coating (C); and heating the three films to crosslink and cure them simultaneously. The multilayer film has excellent high white-iridescent appearance, color stability, etc.

Abstract: An unscrewing device for threaded plastic plugs applied to bottles has a handle formed by a suitably shaped longitudinal element (11). A cylindrical ring (12) departs from the end of the handle, and is interrupted over a suitable length (T) by a free end in proximity to the end of the element (11) from which it extends. A curved element (13) extends outward from the free end and is directed in an opposite direction, practically forming a trigger. Inside the cylindrical ring (12) can be inserted in succession reduced rings (22, 32) that are also interrupted over suitable lengths (T1-T2) and that present diameters that progressively decrease. The plug to be unscrewed is inserted in the internal holes of the rings (12, 22, 32). The user grips the longitudinal element (11) and pulls on the trigger (13) with the index finger, producing scarfing so that rotating the longitudinal element (11) around the axis of the plug unscrews the plug.

Abstract: A microorganism resistant to a nicotinic acid analogue, which has a plasmid containing part or whole of a biotin operon; and a process for producing biotin, which comprises culturing a microorganism described above in a medium to produce and accumulate biotin in the medium, and collecting biotin.

Abstract: Described is a protected aminothiazolylacetic acid derivative represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A represents a nitrogen atom or a methine group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and individually represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R.sup.3 represents a lower alkoxy group, a halogenated lower alkoxy group, a triphenylmethoxy group, a lower alkyl group or an acyloxy group, and R.sup.4 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a lower alkoxy group or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group; and salts thereof; as well as processes for the preparation thereof. The protected aminothaizolylacetic acid derivative according to the present invention is an useful intermediate for introducing a 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-alkoxyiminoacetyl group or a 2-(2-aminotiazol-4-yl)-2-alkenoyl group into a cephem skeleton.

Abstract: The alkaline storage battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and alkaline electrolyte. The separator is a single layer of synthetic fiber non-woven fabric. Treating the separator to increase either the amount of fiber interconnection at the surface or the amount the fibers are broken apart at the surface or both improves separator strength without sacrificing permeability. This prevents internal short circuits, reduces internal pressure, and significantly improves battery lifetime.

Abstract: A scroll type fluid machine has a pair of mutually engaged scrolls, one being made of an aluminum material, and the other being made hard. A wear amount of an engaging tip seal and end plate is reduced, and the growth of wear of both elements is equalized. Tip seals (47, 48) are provided at the tips of wraps (12, 16) of the pair of scrolls (10, 14) and are made of a composite plastic material composed of a polyphenylene sulfide as a base material and a carbon fiber, and other materials as filler. The carbon fiber composition rate of the tip seal material of the scroll (10) made of an aluminum material is made higher than the carbon fiber composition rate of the tip seal material of the other scroll (14) made of an aluminum material having a surface treatment or of a ferrous metal or of a ferrous metal having a surface treatment. Thereby the wear amount of each engaging tip seal (47, 48) and end plate (11, 15) is reduced, and simultaneously the growth of wear of both elements is equalized.