Abstract: An apparatus for performing a binding assay for an analyte of interest in a sample based upon measurement of clectrochemiluminescence at an electrode surface comprising: (a) a cell defining a sample; (b) an electrode adjacent a portion of the sample containing volume; (c) a voltage control device for impressing electrochemical energy upon the electrode sufficient to generate luminescence; (d) means for magnetically collecting particles along the electrode surface; and (e) a light detection device for measuring the luminescence.

Abstract: Detectable compounds comprising a chemically-transformable first compound covalently linked to an electrochemiluminescent compound are provided. Such compounds are useful in processes and kits that monitor the status of the first compound and derive information from such monitoring. A rapid single step assay suitable for the detection or quantification of &bgr;-lactam antibiotics and &bgr;-lactamases. The assay can be performed directly on samples of food, such as milk and meat, blood or serum and is useful in determining the suitability of a particular antibiotic in treating a particular bacterial infection and in diagnosis of a bacterial infection. The assay is also useful in determining and quantifying &bgr;-lactam antibiotic resistance. The assay can be performed on an IGEN OrigenR Analyzer.

Abstract: An off-axis backscreen visual display system having an increased vertical field of view (FOV) is disclosed. The lower edge of the backscreen member in the display system is contoured in accordance with the structure of the aircraft and the observer's point of view. The contouring of the lower edge of the backscreen increases the upward FOV coverage without changing the eyepoint/display relationship.

Abstract: A process for producing hollow, single-walled carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of one or more gaseous carbon compounds by first forming a gas phase mixture carbon feed stock gas comprising one or more gaseous carbon compounds, each having one to six carbon atoms and only H, O, N, S or Cl as hetero atoms, optionally admixed with hydrogen, and a gas phase metal containing compound which is unstable under reaction conditions for said decomposition, and which forms a metal containing catalyst which acts as a decomposition catalyst under reaction conditions; and then conducting said decomposition reaction under decomposition reaction conditions, thereby producing said nanotubes.

Abstract: A method for investigating a target environment to determine whether or in what amount a chemical species may be present therein, which comprises: (a) exposing to said environment an article of manufacture comprising a multiplicity of particles in close-packed orientation, said particles having a core of conductive metal or conductive metal alloy and deposited thereon a ligand which is capable of interacting with said species such that a property of said multiplicity of particles is altered; (b) subjecting said multiplicity of particles to conditions sufficient for said property to be exhibited; and (c) monitoring said property to determine whether there is, or the amount of, any change as an indication of whether, or in what amount, said species is present; a multiplicity of particles suitable for use in such method; and equipment suitable for implementing the method.

Abstract: Composite electrodes including carbon nanofibers (fibrils) and an electrochemically active material are provided for use in electrochemical capacitors. The fibril composite electrodes exhibit high conductivity, improved efficiency of active materials, high stability, easy processing, and increase the performance of the capacitor. A method for producing the composite electrodes for use in electrochemical capacitors is also provided.

Abstract: Graphitic nanotubes, which includes tubular fullerenes (commonly called “buckytubes”) and fibrils, which are functionalized by chemical substitution or by adsorption of functional moieties. More specifically the invention relates to graphitic nanotubes which are uniformly or non-uniformly substituted with chemical moieties or upon which certain cyclic compounds are adsorbed and to complex structures comprised of such functionalized fibrils linked to one another. The invention also relates to methods of introducing functional groups onto the surface of such fibrils.

Abstract: Electrochemiluminescent assay methods for determining an analyte of interest, which methods include forming one or more compositions which include, in the aggregate, (a) a sample to be tested for the analyte of interest, (b) a component capable of specifically binding with the analyte, (c) a label reagent which, when oxidized, is capable of electrochemiluminescence, (d) an amine which, when oxidized, forms a reducing agent, and (e) an electrolyte solution; subjecting such a composition containing the sample to conditions sufficient for specific binding to occur between the analyte of interest, if present, and one or more of the other components in the composition; thereafter, a composition containing the label reagent and amine, and reflecting the outcome of applying the aforementioned binding conditions, is exposed to conditions, such that both the label reagent and the amine are oxidized, the amine forms a reducing agent which interacts with the label reagent, electrochemiluminescence occurs, and the lumine

Abstract: Detectable compounds comprising a chemically-transformable first compound covalently linked to an electrochemiluminescent compound are provided. Such compounds are useful in processes and kits that monitor the status of the first compound and derive information from such monitoring.

Abstract: A rational method for obtaining a novel molecule capable of a desired interaction with a substrate of interest comprising selecting hosts or replicators which incode said novel molecules based upon cell or replicator growth caused by the desired interaction of the novel molecule and a selection molecule expressed by said host.

Abstract: The production of a bearing surface by coating a known bearing material directly on the surface of a gear bore. A process of coating bearing materials directly onto the surface of a gear and the product thereof. The surface is preferably the inner bore surface of a planet gear. The coating methods include sputtering and vapor deposition. The bearing material applied as a coating is preferably a copper-lead composition. The resultant gear having a bearing coating can be useful in any high density, high efficiency epicyclic gear train for aircraft, marine or land based power transmissions.

Abstract: As an article of manufacture, particulate composites containing, in combination: particles of inorganic material, a component for conferring on the composites the capability of floating in a medium including one or more substance capable of forming a binder matrix, a component for conferring on the composites the capability of adherence to the binder matrix, and a component for conferring on the composites the capability of adherence of the flotation conferring to the inorganic material; their production; and their use in a binder matrix.

Abstract: A system stores criteria specified by a funder relating to trade transactions for buyers and sellers. The system compares the criteria with a proposed purchase order to determine whether the system can generate a payment guarantee on behalf of the funder for the buyer to the seller. The system also compares subsequent documents relating to an original purchase order with the original purchase order to ensure that the terms of the purchase order are properly fulfilled. When the appropriate conditions for payment are met, the system issues a funds transfer instruction to transfer payment from the buyer to the seller.

Abstract: A method for the detection or quantitation of a water-borne parasite, such as Cryptosporidia. The detection or quantitation is accomplished by an electrochemiluminescence assay comprising the steps of filtering water to obtain a sludge thought to contain the parasite or a fragment thereof; extracting a sample of said sludge in a extraction medium to form antigenic derivatives of said parasite; forming an assay mixture comprising a sample of said extracted sludge and an antibody specific to said antigenic derivative; incubating said assay mixture to permit binding of said antibody and said antigenic derivative; and conducting an electrochemiluminescence assay for the bound complex of antibody and antigenic derivative, thereby detecting or quantitating the Cryptosporidia in said water.

Abstract: An improved catalyst for producing carbon fibrils is made by incorporating an effective yield-enhancing amount of a carboxylate into a fibril-forming catalyst. Alternatively, such a catalyst is made by coprecipitating a compound of a metal having fibril-forming catalytic properties and an aluminum and/or magnesium compound, optionally in the presence of carbon particles or carbon fibril aggregates. The catalyst may also be made by incorporating a compound of a fibril-forming metal onto magnesia particles in carbon particles or carbon fibril aggregates. The catalysts, methods of using them to form carbon fibrils and those carbon fibrils are also disclosed.

Abstract: Materials and methods are provided for producing patterned multi-array, multi-specific surfaces which are electronically excited for use in electrochemiluminescence based tests. Materials and methods are provided for the chemical and/or physical control of conducting domains and reagent deposition for use in flat panel displays and multiply specific testing procedures.

Abstract: A chemical moiety is disclosed which comprises a chemical, biochemical, or biological substance attached to one or more electrochemiluminescent organometallic compounds. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the substance is attached to one or more ruthenium-containing or osmium-containing luminescent organometallic compounds. Methods are disclosed for detecting low concentrations of the chemical moiety using chemiluminescent, electrochemiluminescent, and photoluminescent means. Compounds are disclosed which are useful for labeling substances of interest with ruthenium-containing and osmium-containing labels or other electrochemiluminescent labels. These labeled substances are useful in methods provided for detecting and quantifying analytes of interest in binding assays and competitive binding assays. The labeled substances are of particular use in homogeneous binding assays.

Abstract: An electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based assay for the quantitation of classical clinical chemistry analytes, where glucose, ethanol, carbon dioxide, cholesterol, as H.sub.2 O.sub.2 liberating systems coupled to a tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Ru(bpy).sub.3.sup.2+ luminophore generate an ECL signal, which can be detected spectrophotometrically or electrochemically. The H.sub.2 O.sub.2 present reacts with oxalate in the presence of Ru(bpy).sub.3.sup.2+ to give an ECL response.

Abstract: Devices and methods for generating electrogenerated chemiluminescence, using an electrode which is coated with an immobilized layer of a compound capable of generating ECL. The coated electrode can be immersed along with a second electrode into an electrolyte solution containing a reactant which can react with the immobilized compound to generate ECL.