Abstract: An aqueous solution of an alkaline earth salt of a low molecular weight carboxylic acid, such as calcium formate, is sprayed into a sulfur dioxide containing flue gas upstream of a solids particulate separator in amount sufficient to produce a flue gas temperature at least about 10.degree. C. above its dew point at the separator.

Abstract: Flue gas is desulfurized by mixing into the combustion zone a finely divided sorbent such as calcium carbonate and, downstream of the mixing point, reactivating the sorbent by spraying the gaseous suspension with an aqueous solution of solubilizing agent such as a deliquescent compound or a strongly ionizing inorganic salt.

Abstract: Limestone is calcined by being suspended in hot gas produced by combustion of a low-carbon fuel to produce a quicklime of high surface area, which in one embodiment is used for flue gas desulfurization.

Abstract: Flue gas is desulfurized by mixing into it at a temperature between about 120.degree. and about 230.degree. C. a finely divided sorbent such as calcium hydroxide which has been reacted with an aqueous solution of solubilizing agent such as a deliquescent compound or a strongly ionizing inorganic salt and, immediately downstream of the mixing point, spraying water into the gaseous suspension. In one embodiment a portion of the solids separated from the flue gas are recycled for reuse as sorbent.

Abstract: Flue gases from two or more boilers are treated for reduction of their sulfur dioxide content by injecting as sorbent fine limestone or dolomite into one of the boilers, recovering a mixture of spent and calcined sorbent from the resulting flue gas, hydrating the resulting mixture to provide a dry slaked sorbent, and adding the dry slaked sorbent to sulfur-containing flue gas from a second boiler at a temperature of about 120.degree. to 230.degree. C.

Abstract: Flue gas is desulfurized by mixing into it at a temperature between about 120.degree. and about 230.degree. C. a finely divided sorbent such as calcium hydroxide and, immediately downstream of the mixing point, spraying the gaseous suspension with an aqueous solution of solubilizing agent such as a deliquescent compound or a strongly ionizing inorganic salt. In one embodiment, make-up sorbent is derived from injection of limestone or dolomite into the combustion zone, and in another embodiment a portion of the solids separated from the flue gas is reactivated for reuse as sorbent.

Abstract: A method and device for sensing hole parameters while drilling a borehole, and transmitting the sensed data to a remote receiver. Data are transmitted in digital format as a series of audible binary pulses generated by a solenoid acoustically coupled to the drill pipe. In a preferred embodiment, data transmission occurs automatically during periods of drilling inactivity.

Abstract: Pelletization of a pumpable non-distillable conversion product of coal is effected by agglomerating, in a pelletization zone, a mixture of such product with finely divided coaly solids and recycled undersized pellets from solvent extract and pellet classification zones.

Abstract: A two-step process for the production of fixed bed gasifier feedstock from a coal liquefaction effluent slurry is provided which comprises (a) treating a coal liquefaction effluent slurry in a stirred vessel with a mixture of anti-solvent and coal-derived carbonaceous solids to form agglomerates in a pumpable slurry; and (b) converting the pumpable slurry to larger-size agglomerates or pellets by the addition of further coal-derived carbonaceous solids under pelletizing conditions.

Abstract: The manufacture of pellets from pumpable non-distillable coal conversion products is accomplished as follows. The non-distillable product is split into two streams. A pelletizable composition is made from a mixture of one stream with char made from the other stream. The pelletizable composition is converted to pellets in a pelletization zone supplied adiabatically with heat from the preheated char.

Abstract: The effluent slurry product from a coal liquefaction reactor is split into two streams. The first stream is subjected to vacuum distillation to produce a vacuum bottoms. The second stream is mixed with particulate char to form a solids-enriched slurry feedstock to a low temperature carbonization plant. The char made in this plant, plus the vacuum bottoms from the first stream, forms a pelletizable composition which serves as a feedstock to a pelletizing plant. By virtue of the foregoing procedure, a reduction of the order of 30 percent in size of the pelletizing plant is effected, as compared to sending to the pelletizing plant all the vacuum bottoms obtainable from the entire coal liquefaction effluent slurry product; yet about the same total weight of pellets is made.