Abstract: An optical disk storage system emulates a magnetic tape subsystem by virtual addressing of data recorded on write once optical disk media having a predetermined group of available sectors for rewriting a disk ID, a predetermined plurality of bands of available sectors for rewriting a virtual tape directory to virtual tape VSNs, and, available sectors for rewriting virtual tape maps and rewriting user records, the tape maps have data portions for simulating tape marks and interblock gap and for addressing blocks of data within the virtual tapes, the virtual tape directory has pointers for pointing to tape maps, and the system rewrites the tape directory, tape maps and user records so as to function as a rewritable magnetic tape.

Abstract: Combustible off-gas(es) produced by the process of pyrolysis are superheated; and a pressurized gaseous mixture including oxygen, normally compressed air, is preheated; before, and by, a burning of the combustible off-gas(es) produced by process of pyrolysis in the presence of stoichiometric oxygen. The burning transpires in a large number of relatively small burner cups having bulbously-shaped and exhaust-constricted combustion chambers. The burner cups are both individually, and collectively, adjustable in their uptake of combustible gases by adjusting the flow of compressed air. The combustion in each burner cup is very complete and efficient nonetheless to having increased area contact with the chamber wall, and nonetheless to the rapidly and turbulent flow of gases, because everything contributing to or touching the combustion reaction is optimally hot, and because the shape of the burner cups holds the combustion optimally long.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis (RO) unit uses a membrane permitting operation at abnormally low water pressures, typically as low as 10 PSI. Because any requirement for a pump to boost inlet water pressure is obviated, the RO unit makes do with only one, small and compact, outlet pump. An optional single, or a dual-channel dual-pass, ultraviolet (UV) light source sterilizes filtered inlet, and/or the purified output, water flows. Purified water is stored at atmospheric pressure in a simple storage bag, and is dispensed on demand by force of the outlet pump. The entire RO unit--storage bag, pump, filters, UV sterilizer, membrane and all--is preferably entirely integrally packaged in a compact and aesthetically pleasing cylindrically-shaped housing. The RO unit so housed is suitably deployed on a household counter top while flow-connected to normal household plumbing--typically to the faucet and drain of a kitchen sink--and while electrically connected to normal household power.

Abstract: An antenna of special form--to wit: a tube and more precisely a tubular dipole--is positioned inside an electrically non-conducting tubular post, typically made of fiberglass, that serves to support an electronic device, typically an irrigation controller, that communicates both by wire and by radio. Wired connection is via wires that are channeled and contained, preferably axially centrally tightly, within the tubular support post. The wires are substantially at radio frequency ground, and serve to connect the irrigation controller to one or more remote electrical devices such as soil moisture sensors and electric valves. The tubular dipole antenna is preferably formed as a fiberglass tube having a conducting exterior surface, normally made of metal and preferably copper, that is divided equally into two tubular segments.

Abstract: Multiple, typically four, acoustic transducers of a time delay acoustic flowmeter are arrayed in a X-cross, crisscross, folded geometry so as to establish a lengthy multiple-leg, typically a two-leg, acoustic path within a compact volume. An ultrasonic signal is transmitted from a transducer A to a transducer B, then electrically amplified and applied to a transducer C which retransmits the ultrasonic signal to a transducer D. The compact transducer configuration is particularly suitable for use during in-vivo blood flow measurement. The acoustic signal is maintained in amplitude from one leg to the next by amplification as an electrical signal.

Abstract: Preferred transducers in the substantial shapes of a three-dimensional bodies, normally spheres or cylinders, emit ultrasound omni-directionally. The transducers are secured to the wall of the cervix uteri of human female, preferably by a barb or corkscrew coil, so that a straight line ultrasonic acoustic path exists between them. An ultrasonic transit time sonomicrometer detecting a variable propagation delay between the transducers dependent upon the dilatation or effacement of the cervix uteri serves as a ultrasonic cervimeter. Cervical dimension, and changes in dimension, developed by the ultrasonic cervimeter directly in millimeters are (i) validated for reasonableness, (ii) monitored so as to generate several alarms upon the occurrence(s) of several predetermined conditions, (iii) displayed, and (iv) archived all in a battery-powered ambulatory instrument.

Abstract: An optical disk system emulating a 3480 magnetic tape subsystem having one or more magnetic tape drives, includes a VMEGate channel attached processor for receiving CCW tape commands, a SCSI board for controlling SCSI optical disk drives, a serial I/O board for controlling jukebox optical disk media handlers for automatically robotically loading and unloading optical disks containing virtual tape data into the optical disk drives, a cache RAM for buffering data between the channel and the optical disk drives, operator consoles for emulating the 3480 magnetic tape subsystem control panels, an SBC computer and VME bus for central control of the system, and floppy and hard disk drives for storing emulation SBC programs and disk directories, to enable the system to exhibit an organization of virtual tape data into a system of pointers and user records of the virtual tapes, a reallocatable mapping between magnetic tape drives and the optical disk drives, disk directories cross referencing virtual tapes VSNs to opt

Abstract: A photoemissive photocathode, being a metal with a low work function and preferably tantalum-surfaced cesium-antimonide, is illuminated with pulses of 5320 .ANG. laser light, typically 20 psec at a 20 Hz repetition rate, to emit electrons by the photoelectric effect. The emitted electrons are accumulated in a spatial region near the photocathode by a grid electrode. The same laser pulses activate a semiconductor switch, normally an LiTaO.sub.3 crystal doped with 2.24% Cu, to apply a high voltage, typically 100 Kv, between the photocathode and an anode. The accumulated electrons are accelerated, and focused, as an electron beam that strikes the anode, typically in a focal spot of less than 0.5 mm diameter. Time-resolved x-ray pulses, typically K band of 20 picoseconds duration with 4-10 microjoules energy each, are produced. A laser-induced pulsed wide-area table-top-size embodiment of the x-ray source reliably generates a 1-10 mW/cm.sup.2 flux of hard, 0.

Abstract: One or more loads, commonly solenoids, requiring a high-power drive--typically 500 ma. 7.5 v.d.c.--are selectively actuated by energy that is accumulated over time--typically over several hundred milliseconds--within associated, addressable, energy-accumulating high-power drivers. The energy accumulation is solely from micropowered signals--typically 1 ma., 4.5 v.d.c.--that are received from a control system that is itself micropowered--typically from a high-equivalent-series-resistance power source. The energy-accumulating high-power solenoid drivers (i) accumulate predetermined amounts of energy only as, when, and to such extent as is required, (ii) multiply the voltage (nominally times two) of the received micropowered signals, and (iii) shape the current waveform of the output high-power solenoid drive signals--all as desired so as to optimally both use and conserve energy.

Abstract: A keyboard is adjustably supported in an ergonomically neutral position relative to a typist's forearm, wrist and fingers nonetheless that the elevation, and attendant magnitude, of a support also provided to the typist's wrist is conveniently independently variably adjustable. The two adjustments increase comfort while reducing fatigue and repetitive motion injury, particularly carpal tunnel syndrome. A planar keyboard support member is variably supported at typically six (6) different angles from 0.degree. to 15.degree. by a support mechanism typically in the shape of a hinged arm engaging a selected channel, or groove. A padded wrist rest, normally hinged to the keyboard support, is independently adjustable to typically four (4) different elevations, preferably by use of an eccentric cam. The wrist rest preferably defines an interior cavity for holding pencils and other objects.

Abstract: In an acoustic flowmeter of the transit time or Doppler type the electro/acoustic, and/or acousto/electric, gain of one or more elongate acoustic transducers is varied spatially along the length of the transducer. When the transducer(s) are situated across the width of a lumen that is both flowing fluid and surrounded by material that attenuates sound differently that does the fluid during acoustic fluid flow measurement, the differing transducer(s') gain(s) serves to compensate for differing acoustic attenuations in different acoustic paths. Particularly during in-vivo acoustic blood flow measurement, the non-uniform acoustic gain(s) serves to compensate for the differing acoustic attenuations of blood and tissue, commonly fat, surrounding a blood vessel, and to produce a more accurate measurement of blood flow.

Abstract: A system and method to transfer oil cargo from ruptured tank(s) of a tanker to receiving vessel(s) or receiving tank(s), while maintaining a partial vacuum in the ullage space of the ruptured tank(s). A partial vacuum is created and maintained in the ullage space of tank(s) of a tanker to reduce outflow of liquid such as oil in the event of a ruptured tank. The vacuum is continuously maintained in a precise balance responsive to the forces acting on the contents of the tank, which forces change when the tank is ruptured. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention the liquid cargo in the tank(s) of the ruptured vessel is transferred to tank(s) of receiving vessels or any designated receiving tank(s) while maintaining the partial vacuum in the ullage space of the tanks of the ruptured tanker or vessel. The partial vacuum in the ullage space of the ruptured tank must be maintained while the oil is transferred to tanks of a receiving vessel, otherwise catastrophic oil spillage may occur.

Abstract: A photosensitive medium, normally a diazo printing plate or photopolymer-based proof, is exposed in a series of exposures each of a small rectangular area. Typically several linearly-arrayed Deformable Mirror Devices (DMD's) each spatially encode a light beam in order to expose corresponding pixels within corresponding regions of the medium. Between successive exposures, the several DMD's are moved to a new position relative to the medium along a first, x, axis so that new exposures of new regions can be made. Normally the arrayed DMD's are moved relative to the imager's frame by a screw drive. There is an additional, separate relative movement between the DMD's and the medium along another, perpendicular, y, axis. Normally the medium is moved relative to the imager's frame by nip rollers. In order to provide a required precision in registering successively imaged regions of the medium along either or both axis, reference marks are exposed directly on the medium.

Abstract: A web of material, typically paper, metal or film and most commonly roll photographic plate material, passes between a first, driven, roller made from material with a high coefficient of friction, typically neoprene rubber, and a second, driven, roller made from material with a low coefficient of friction, typically metal or nylon. The high-friction drive roller (only) is positionally adjustable. The web is driven straight ahead, without appreciable undesirable steering or skew, over a broad range of adjustments of the separation, and the parallelism, between the two rollers. The web motion is responsive substantially to only the high-friction drive roller, and the web speed may accordingly be regulated, including so as to be maintained highly uniform, in response to the drive roller (only).

Abstract: Vapors, typically volatile organic compounds, emitted from a vaporizable liquid, typically oil, that is within a tank, typically a ship's tank, are (i) compressed, and (ii) stored in a reservoir that is closed to the atmosphere. The (i) compression typically transpires in and by a series/parallel array of pumps, rotary or reciprocating compressors, to a storage pressure of 150+ PSIA. The several million cubic feet ullage volume of a typical 200,000 ton oil tanker is typically compressed over a few days during and/or after loading, and stored in a typically spherical gas storage tank of some 10-20 feet in diameter. Stored gases are returned to the ullage spaces during offloading of the oil tanks in a closed system. This emission control by vapor recovery is interoperative with related systems and methods (i) to avoid spillage of oil due to the rupture of a ship's tank, and/or (ii) to make and maintain a mixture of gases and vapors within the tank's ullage space to be non-explosive and non-flammable.

Abstract: An electronic voltage regulator, particularly a regulator of the voltage of a field coil of an alternator within a motor vehicle, is protected against catastrophic failure of its output transistor due to a short-circuit overload by action of a direct current (d.c.) electrical path within the circuit of the regulator. The d.c. path, preferably a single diode, discharges an existing capacitor present within an alternating current (a.c.) feedback path between the regulator's output transistor and its error amplifier stage. This discharge causes the output transistor to break into a safe, and non-destructive, oscillation for the duration of any overload. The same electronic voltage regulator is further, optionally, protected against a catastrophic failure of its output transistor due to a loss of the reference voltage supplied to the regulator. This protection is obtained by action of yet another, second, direct current (d.c.) electrical path. This second d.c.

Abstract: Two, redundant, electrical switches in electrical series between a flashlight's battery and its bulb are simultaneously activated by an angular rotation between two sections of the flashlight's case. To implement one of the switches the functions of (i) force biasing and (ii) electrical conduction between a battery's terminal and the flashlight case are separated. Force biasing between battery and case transpires by a spring and washer which are, in combination, electrically non-conducting. Electrical conduction between battery and case transpires by another, separate, spring that is shorter than the force-biasing spring. Further, and independently, a removable and replaceable combination shock-mounted light bulb and reflector assembly includes (i) a wire-lead miniature light bulb of low inertial mass encapsulated within (ii) a shock-absorbing plastic matrix which is further sleeved in (iii) a strong metal which also presents a reflector surface precision aligned to the bulb.

Abstract: A keystream generation system for producing a cryptographically secure keystream by an "amorphous" process. Three types of keystream generation are preferred. A large seed key is directly amorphously expanded into a cryptographically secure keystream. A small seed key seeds a pseudo random number generator whose output is made cryptographically secure through a contracting amorphous process or, alternately, the security of an extended keystream is strengthened through contraction. Finally, a state machine whose output and transition functions are based on amorphousness recursively operates on a seed key to generate an arbitrarily long, cryptographically secure, keystream. The recursive performance of such amorphous logical operations on seed keys in order to generate keystreams is akin to the encryption of data.